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  1. Molecular mechanisms involved in the oxidative stress induced glucocorticoids insensitivity remain elusive. The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP) 1 mediates a part of glucocorticoids action an...

    Authors: Aihua Bao, Feng Li, Min Zhang, Yuqing Chen, Pengyu Zhang and Xin Zhou
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:126
  2. Severe Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a hereditary condition caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, which predisposes to lung emphysema and liver disease. It is usually related to PI*Z alleles, and le...

    Authors: Beatriz Lara, Maria Teresa Martínez, Ignacio Blanco, Cristina Hernández-Moro, Eladio A Velasco, Ilaria Ferrarotti, Francisco Rodriguez-Frias, Laura Perez, Irene Vazquez, Javier Alonso, Manuel Posada and Beatriz Martínez-Delgado
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:125
  3. Symptomatic relief is an important treatment goal for patients with COPD. To date, no diary for evaluating respiratory symptoms in clinical trials has been developed and scientifically-validated according to F...

    Authors: Nancy K Leidy, Lindsey T Murray, Brigitta U Monz, Linda Nelsen, Mitchell Goldman, Paul W Jones, Elizabeth J Dansie and Sanjay Sethi
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:124
  4. We sought to assess whether the effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on lung inflammation and remodeling in experimental emphysema would differ according to MSC source and administration route. Emphysema...

    Authors: Mariana A Antunes, Soraia C Abreu, Fernanda F Cruz, Ana Clara Teixeira, Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco, Elga Bandeira, Priscilla C Olsen, Bruno L Diaz, Christina M Takyia, Isalira PRG Freitas, Nazareth N Rocha, Vera L Capelozzi, Débora G Xisto, Daniel J Weiss, Marcelo M Morales and Patricia RM Rocco
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:118
  5. Influenza virus infection causes significantly higher levels of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Studies have shown that impaired immunity in the elderly contributes to the increased susceptibility to i...

    Authors: Lu Yin, Dahai Zheng, Gino V Limmon, Nicola HN Leung, Shuoyu Xu, Jagath C Rajapakse, Hanry Yu, Vincent TK Chow and Jianzhu Chen
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:116
  6. Right ventricular dysfunction in COPD is common, even in the absence of pulmonary hypertension. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on right ventr...

    Authors: Erlend Hassel, Anne Marie Berre, Anne Jarstein Skjulsvik and Sigurd Steinshamn
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:117
  7. Neutrophils have been involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Underlying mechanisms of neutrophil accumulation in the airways of stable and exacerbated COPD patients are p...

    Authors: Jean Louis Corhay, Catherine Moermans, Monique Henket, Delphine Nguyen Dang, Bernard Duysinx and Renaud Louis
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:115
  8. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often suffer concomitant disorders that worsen significantly their health status and vital prognosis. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying COPD multim...

    Authors: Solène Grosdidier, Antoni Ferrer, Rosa Faner, Janet Piñero, Josep Roca, Borja Cosío, Alvar Agustí, Joaquim Gea, Ferran Sanz and Laura I Furlong
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:111
  9. Inhaled long-acting beta2agonists used alone and in combination with an inhaled corticosteroid reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with stable COPD. However, the relative efficacy of these agents in prev...

    Authors: Jill A Ohar, Glenn D Crater, Amanda Emmett, Thomas J Ferro, Andrea N Morris, Ibrahim Raphiou, Peruvemba S Sriram and Mark T Dransfield
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:105
  10. Aging involves multiple biologically complex processes characterized by a decline in cellular homeostasis over time leading to a loss and impairment of physiological integrity and function. Specific cellular h...

    Authors: Matthew S Walters, Bishnu P De, Jacqueline Salit, Lauren J Buro-Auriemma, Timothy Wilson, Allison M Rogalski, Lindsay Lief, Neil R Hackett, Michelle R Staudt, Ann E Tilley, Ben-Gary Harvey, Robert J Kaner, Jason G Mezey, Beth Ashbridge, Malcolm A S Moore and Ronald G Crystal
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:94
  11. Chronic bronchitis (CB) is one of the classic phenotypes of COPD. The aims of our study were to investigate genetic variants associated with COPD subjects with CB relative to smokers with normal spirometry, an...

    Authors: Jin Hwa Lee, Michael H Cho, Craig P Hersh, Merry-Lynn N McDonald, James D Crapo, Per S Bakke, Amund Gulsvik, Alejandro P Comellas, Christine H Wendt, David A Lomas, Victor Kim and Edwin K Silverman
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:113
  12. The low toxicity of perfluorocarbons (PFCs), their high affinity for respiratory gases and their compatibility with lung surfactant have made them useful candidates for treating respiratory diseases such as ad...

    Authors: Tamer Y El Mays, Parichita Choudhury, Richard Leigh, Emmanuel Koumoundouros, Joanne Van der Velden, Grishma Shrestha, Cora A Pieron, John H Dennis, Francis HY Green and Ken J Snibson
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:98
  13. There has been increasing interest in the use of newer, culture-independent techniques to study the airway microbiome of COPD patients. We investigated the relationships between the three common potentially pa...

    Authors: Richa Singh, Alexander J Mackay, Anant RC Patel, Davinder S Garcha, Beverly S Kowlessar, Simon E Brill, Louise E Donnelly, Peter J Barnes, Gavin C Donaldson and Jadwiga A Wedzicha
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:114
  14. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is the main inhibitor of neutrophil elastase in the lung. Although it is principally synthesized by hepatocytes, alpha-1 antitrypsin is also secreted by bronchial epithelial cells. Gene mut...

    Authors: Laura Pini, Laura Tiberio, Narayanan Venkatesan, Michela Bezzi, Luciano Corda, Maurizio Luisetti, Ilaria Ferrarotti, Mario Malerba, David A Lomas, Sabina Janciauskiene, Enrico Vizzardi, Denise Modina, Luisa Schiaffonati and Claudio Tantucci
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:112
  15. Lung immaturity due to preterm birth is a significant complication affecting neonatal health. Despite the detrimental effects of supplemental oxygen on alveolar formation, it remains an important treatment for...

    Authors: Christina V Jones, Maliha A Alikhan, Megan O’Reilly, Foula Sozo, Timothy M Williams, Richard Harding, Graham Jenkin and Sharon D Ricardo
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:110
  16. In moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) several studies support the usage of assisted spontaneous breathing modes. Only limited data, however, focus on the application in systemic sepsis and dev...

    Authors: Alexander Ziebart, Erik K Hartmann, Rainer Thomas, Tanghua Liu, Bastian Duenges, Arno Schad, Marc Bodenstein, Serge C Thal and Matthias David
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:101
  17. Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) has become the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Cigarette smoking induces neutrophil elastase (NE) and contributes to COPD, but the detailed mechanisms invo...

    Authors: Hsin-Han Hou, Shih-Lung Cheng, Kuei-Pin Chung, Shu-Chen Wei, Po-Nien Tsao, Hsuan-Hsuan Lu, Hao-Chien Wang and Chong-Jen Yu
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:106
  18. COPD patients have increased numbers of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling via its soluble receptor sIL-6R, governs the influx of innate immune cells to inflammatory fo...

    Authors: Arjun K Ravi, Shruti Khurana, Jonathan Lemon, Jonathan Plumb, George Booth, Louise Healy, Matthew Catley, Jørgen Vestbo and Dave Singh
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:103
  19. Mortality in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is known to be influenced by a number of factors such as gender, age, smoking history and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but the impact of traffic related air pollu...

    Authors: Pieter C Goeminne, Esmee Bijnens, Ben Nemery, Tim S Nawrot and Lieven J Dupont
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:108
  20. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is associated with high mortality. However, few studies have so far reviewed analyses of autopsy findings in patients with AE-IPF.

    Authors: Keishi Oda, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Sohsuke Yamada, Hisako Kushima, Hiroshi Ishii, Tomotoshi Imanaga, Tatsuhiko Harada, Yuji Ishimatsu, Nobuhiro Matsumoto, Keisuke Naito, Kazuhiro Yatera, Masamitsu Nakazato, Jun-ichi Kadota, Kentaro Watanabe, Shigeru Kohno and Hiroshi Mukae
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:109
  21. The cell-surface protein CD38 mediates airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility by generating cyclic ADP-ribose, a calcium-mobilizing molecule. In human ASM cells, TNF-α augments CD38 expression transcriptionally...

    Authors: Mythili Dileepan, Joseph A Jude, Savita P Rao, Timothy F Walseth, Reynold A Panettieri, Subbaya Subramanian and Mathur S Kannan
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:107
  22. We previously reported a progressive decline in absolute responses of FEV1 and FVC to a near-maximal dose of 2 different short-acting bronchodilators over 4 years. Since varying host factors and the method of exp...

    Authors: Donald P Tashkin, Ning Li, Eric C Kleerup, David Halpin, Bartolome Celli, Marc Decramer and Robert Elashoff
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:102
  23. The use of a severity score to help orientation decisions could improve the efficiency of care for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). We previously developed a score (‘2008 score’, based on age, dyspnea gra...

    Authors: Nicolas Roche, Jean-Michel Chavaillon, Cyril Maurer, Mahmoud Zureik and Jacques Piquet
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:99
  24. We investigated whether a relationship between small airways dysfunction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), expressed both in terms of ease of airway narrowing and of excessive bronchoconstriction, could...

    Authors: Veronica Alfieri, Marina Aiello, Roberta Pisi, Panagiota Tzani, Elisa Mariani, Emilio Marangio, Dario Olivieri, Gabriele Nicolini and Alfredo Chetta
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:86
  25. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with local and systemic inflammation. The knowledge of interaction and co-variation of the inflammatory responses in different compartments is meagre.

    Authors: Jie Ji, Ida von Schéele, Jan Bergström, Bo Billing, Barbro Dahlén, Ann-Sofie Lantz, Kjell Larsson and Lena Palmberg
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:104
  26. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and asthma frequently coexist and are always present in patients with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Although the pathogenic mechanisms of thi...

    Authors: Liliana Machado-Carvalho, Jordi Roca-Ferrer and César Picado
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:100
  27. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are regulatory lymphocytes that may be important in disorders with increased Th1 responses. We utilized a 4-year longitudinal observational study of iNKT cells and SLAM signaling pat...

    Authors: Katarina Osolnik, Matija Rijavec and Peter Korosec
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:91
  28. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by expiratory flow limitation, causing air trapping and lung hyperinflation. Hyperinflation leads to reduced exercise tolerance and poor quality of...

    Authors: Jin Hwa Lee, Merry-Lynn N McDonald, Michael H Cho, Emily S Wan, Peter J Castaldi, Gary M Hunninghake, Nathaniel Marchetti, David A Lynch, James D Crapo, David A Lomas, Harvey O Coxson, Per S Bakke, Edwin K Silverman and Craig P Hersh
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:97
  29. Asthma is a complex disease presenting with variable symptoms which are sometimes hard to control. The purpose of the study was to describe the prevalence of asthma symptoms, use of asthma medications and alle...

    Authors: Roxana Mincheva, Linda Ekerljung, Anders Bjerg, Malin Axelsson, Todor A Popov, Bo Lundbäck and Jan Lötvall
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:79
  30. Leptospiral glycolipoprotein (GLP) is a potent and specific Na/K-ATPase inhibitor. Severe pulmonary form of leptospirosis is characterized by edema, inflammation and intra-alveolar hemorrhage having a dismal p...

    Authors: Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque, Patrícia Burth, Adriana Ribeiro Silva, Isabel Matos Medeiros de Moraes, Flora Magno de Jesus Oliveira, Ricardo Erthal Santelli, Aline Soares Freire, Gerson Silva de Lima, Emilson Domingos da Silva, Camila Ignácio da Silva, Verônica Morandi, Patrícia Torres Bozza, Mauricio Younes-Ibrahim, Hugo Caire de Castro Faria Neto and Mauro Velho de Castro Faria
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:93
  31. Th2 immune responses are linked primarily to mild and moderate asthma, while Th17 cells, Interleukin-17A (IL-17) and neutrophilia have been implicated in more severe forms of disease. How Th2-dependent allergi...

    Authors: Emily M Nakada, Jichuan Shan, Margaret W Kinyanjui and Elizabeth D Fixman
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:90
  32. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD), as characterized by pulmonary infiltrates and high oxygen requirements shortly after reperfusion, is the major cause of early morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation...

    Authors: John R Greenland, Xiang Xu, David M Sayah, Feng Chun Liu, Kirk D Jones, Mark R Looney and George H Caughey
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:95
  33. Hyperoxia exposure leads to the development of lung injury and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) via involvement of nitric oxide (NO) pathway. We aimed at characterizing whether the stimulation of the NO pathway...

    Authors: Dorottya Czövek, Ferenc Peták, Yves Donati, Xavier Belin, Jean-Claude Pache, Constance Barazzone Argiroffo and Walid Habre
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:81
  34. Roxithromycin (RXM) has been widely used in asthma treatment; however, the mechanism has not been fully understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of RXM treatment in mediatin...

    Authors: Yuanrong Dai, Fengqin Li, Liqin Wu, Ruili Wang, Ping Li, Sunshun Yan, Hui Xu, Mengling Xia and Chunxue Bai
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:96
  35. Fluticasone furoate (FF) is a novel, once-daily inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) that has been shown to improve lung function vs. placebo in asthma patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of FF 50 m...

    Authors: Paul M O’Byrne, Ashley Woodcock, Eugene R Bleecker, Eric D Bateman, Jan Lötvall, Richard Forth, Hilary Medley, Loretta Jacques and William W Busse
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:88
  36. Bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) is a common but variable phenomenon in COPD. The CT characteristics of airway dimensions that differentiate COPD subjects with BDR from those without BDR have not been well ...

    Authors: Victor Kim, Parag Desai, John D Newell, Barry J Make, George R Washko, Edwin K Silverman, James D Crapo, Surya P Bhatt and Gerard J Criner
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:84
  37. Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm), defined as a reduced FEV1 in the setting of a preserved FEV1/FVC ratio, is highly prevalent and is associated with increased respiratory symptoms, systemic inflammatio...

    Authors: Emily S Wan, Peter J Castaldi, Michael H Cho, John E Hokanson, Elizabeth A Regan, Barry J Make, Terri H Beaty, MeiLan K Han, Jeffrey L Curtis, Douglas Curran-Everett, David A Lynch, Dawn L DeMeo, James D Crapo and Edwin K Silverman
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:89
  38. Increased expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and an increase in plasma nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) have been reported in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that nitric oxide (NO) plays an impor...

    Authors: Shingo Noguchi, Kazuhiro Yatera, Ke-Yong Wang, Keishi Oda, Kentarou Akata, Kei Yamasaki, Toshinori Kawanami, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Yumiko Toyohira, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Nobuyuki Yanagihara, Masato Tsutsui and Hiroshi Mukae
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:92
  39. Surfactant protein A has been shown to enhance opsonization and clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Here, the phagocytosis of alveolar S. aureus was investigated in vivo using intravital microscopy. Fluo...

    Authors: Nils T Veith, Thomas Tschernig, Birgitt Gutbier, Martin Witzenrath, Carola Meier, Michael Menger and Markus Bischoff
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:85
  40. The IL-1 family of cytokines is known to play an important role in inflammation therefore understanding the mechanism by which they are produced is paramount. Despite the recent plethora of publications dedica...

    Authors: Suffwan Eltom, Maria G Belvisi, Liang Yew-Booth, Bilel Dekkak, Sarah A Maher, Eric D Dubuis, Victoria Jones, Kate A Fitzgerald and Mark A Birrell
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:87
  41. Although several systematic reviews investigated the safety of long-acting beta–agonists (LABAs) in asthma, they mainly addressed randomized clinical trials while evidence from non-randomized studies has been ...

    Authors: Gimena Hernández, Mónica Avila, Àngels Pont, Olatz Garin, Jordi Alonso, Laurent Laforest, Christopher J Cates and Montserrat Ferrer
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:83
  42. Moxifloxacin is a synthetic antibacterial agent belonging to the fluoroquinolone family. The antimicrobial activity of quinolones against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is based on their ability to i...

    Authors: Christoph Beisswenger, Anja Honecker, Andreas Kamyschnikow, Markus Bischoff, Thomas Tschernig and Robert Bals
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:82
  43. Recent observational studies have suggested that use of statins reduces mortality in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, no meta-analysis has reported the pooled hazard rati...

    Authors: Nobuyuki Horita, Naoki Miyazawa, Ryota Kojima, Miyo Inoue, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo, Atsuhisa Ueda and Takeshi Kaneko
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:80
  44. The long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) umeclidinium (UMEC) and the combination of UMEC with the long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) vilanterol (UMEC/VI) are approved maintenance treatments for chronic obstructive...

    Authors: James F Donohue, Dennis Niewoehner, Jean Brooks, Dianne O’Dell and Alison Church
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:78
  45. It has been suggested that withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD patients on maintenance treatment results in deterioration of symptoms, lung function and exacerbations. The aim of this real-life...

    Authors: Andrea Rossi, Massimo Guerriero and Antonio Corrado
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:77
  46. Genioglossus activity is greater during wakefulness but decreases to a weaker state during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients, compared to healthy subjects. Previous studies suggested th...

    Authors: Jiao Su, Wei Wang, Longfeng Sun, Ting Li, Delei Kong and Jian Kang
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:76
  47. Treatment failure in community-acquired-pneumonia (CAP) patients is associated with a high mortality rate, and therefore are a matter of great concern in clinical management. Those patients have increased mort...

    Authors: Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Xavier Valles, Rosario Menendez, Oriol Sibila, Beatriz Montull, Catia Cilloniz, Antonio Artigas and Antoni Torres
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:75
  48. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. The aim of the present work was to determine plasma concentrations of MM...

    Authors: Martha Montaño, Raul H Sansores, Carina Becerril, Jose Cisneros, Georgina González-Avila, Bettina Sommer, Leticia Ochoa, Iliana Herrera, Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas and Carlos Ramos
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:74
  49. A neuroimmune crosstalk between dendritic cells (DCs) and airway nerves in the lung has recently been reported. However, the presence of DCs in airway sensory ganglia under normal and allergic conditions has n...

    Authors: Duc Dung Le, Sabine Rochlitzer, Axel Fischer, Sebastian Heck, Thomas Tschernig, Martina Sester, Robert Bals, Tobias Welte, Armin Braun and Quoc Thai Dinh
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:73
  50. Pulmonary fibrotic diseases induce significant morbidity and mortality, for which there are limited therapeutic options available. Rac2, a ras-related guanosine triphosphatase expressed mainly in hematopoietic ce...

    Authors: Narcy Arizmendi, Lakshmi Puttagunta, Kerri L Chung, Courtney Davidson, Juliana Rey-Parra, Danny V Chao, Bernard Thebaud, Paige Lacy and Harissios Vliagoftis
    Citation: Respiratory Research 2014 15:71

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