Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2009.
Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care. [http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG101/Guidance/pdf/English]
National Clinical Guideline Centre; 2010.
Niewoehner DE: Clinical practice. Outpatient management of severe COPD.
N Engl J Med 2010, 362:1407–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hasegawa M, Makita H, Nasuhara Y, Odajima N, Nagai K, Ito Y, Betsuyaku T, Nishimura M: Relationship between improved airflow limitation and changes in airway caliber induced by inhaled anticholinergics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Thorax 2009, 64:332–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cooper C: Airflow obstruction and exercise.
Respir Med 2009, 103:325–34.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cazzola M, Matera MG: Novel long-acting bronchodilators for COPD and asthma.
Br J Pharmacol 2008, 155:291–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Johnson M: The β
2
-adrenoceptor.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998, 158:S146–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roux E, Molimard M, Savineau JP, Marthan R: Muscarinic stimulation of airway smooth muscle cells.
Gen Pharmac 1998, 31:349–56.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rhoden KJ, Meldrum LA, Barnes PJ: Inhibition of cholinergic neurotransmission in human airways by β
2
-adrenergic receptors.
J Appl Physiol 1988, 65:700–5.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brichetto L, Song P, Crimi E, Rehder K, Brusasco V: Modulation of cholinergic responsiveness through the β
2
-adrenergic receptor signal transmission pathway in bovine trachealis.
J Appl Physiol 2003, 95:735–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shrewsbury S, Pyke S, Britton M: Meta-analysis of increased dose of inhaled steroid or addition of salmeterol in symptomatic asthma (MIASMA).
Br Med J 2000, 320:1368–73.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Boyd G, Morice AH, Pounsford JC, Siebert M, Peslis N, Crawford C: An evaluation of salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Eur Respir J 1997, 10:815–21.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Serevent Diskus: Prescribing information (US). [http://www.fda.gov/drugs]
GlaxoSmithKline; 2008.
Foradil Aerolizer: Prescribing information (US). [http://www.fda.gov/drugs]
Novartis; 2006.
Brovana: Prescribing information (US). [http://www.fda.gov/drugs]
Sepracor; 2007.
Perforomist: Prescribing information (US). [http://www.fda.gov/drugs]
Dey LP; 2007.
Ventolin Accuhaler: Summary of Product Characteristics. Allen & Hanburys; 2009.
Google Scholar
Bricanyl Turbohaler: Summary of Product Characteristics. Astra Zeneca; 2009.
Google Scholar
Jara M, Lanes SF, Wentworth C, May C, Kesten S: Comparative safety of long-acting inhaled bronchodilators: a cohort study using the UK THIN primary care database.
Drug Saf 2007, 30:1151–60.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Donohue JF, Hanania NA, Sciarappa KA, Goodwin E, Grogan DR, Baumgartner RA, Hanrahan JP: Arformoterol and salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a one year evaluation of safety and tolerance.
Ther Adv Respir Dis 2008, 2:37–48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Donohue JF, van Noord JA, Bateman ED, Langley SJ, Lee A, Witek TJ Jr, Kesten S, Towse L: A 6-month, placebo-controlled study comparing lung function and health status changes in COPD patients treated with tiotropium or salmeterol.
Chest 2002, 122:47–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rennard S, Bantje T, Centanni S, Chanez P, Chuchalin A, D'Urzo A, Kornmann O, Perry S, Jack D, Owen R, Higgins M: A dose-ranging study of indacaterol in obstructive airways disease, with a tiotropium comparison.
Respir Med 2008, 102:1033–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vogelmeier C, Kardos P, Harari S, Gans SJ, Stenglein S, Thirlwell J: Formoterol mono- and combination therapy with tiotropium in patients with COPD: a 6-month study.
Respir Med 2008, 102:1511–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
van der Molen T, Pieters W, Bellamy D, Taylor R: Measuring the success of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - patient, physician and healthcare payer perspectives.
Respir Med 2002,96(Suppl C):S17-S21.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Celli BR, MacNee W, committee members: Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper.
Eur Respir J 2004, 23:932–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mahler DA, Donohue JF, Barbee RA, Goldman MD, Gross NJ, Wisniewski ME, Yancey SW, Zakes BA, Rickard KA, Anderson WH: Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate in the treatment of COPD.
Chest 1999, 115:957–65.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rennard SI, Anderson W, ZuWallack R, Broughton J, Bailey W, Friedman M, Wisniewski M, Rickard K: Use of a long-acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist, salmeterol xinafoate, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 163:1087–92.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Jones PW, Yates JC, Vestbo J, TORCH investigators: Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
N Engl J Med 2007, 356:775–89.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dahl R, Greefhorst LA, Nowak D, Nonikov V, Byrne AM, Thomson MH, Till D, Della Cioppa G, the Formoterol in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I Study Group: Inhaled formoterol dry powder versus ipratropium bromide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001, 164:778–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calverley PM, Boonsawat W, Cseke Z, Zhong N, Peterson S, Olsson H: Maintenance therapy with budesonide and formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J 2003, 22:912–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Szafranski W, Cukier A, Ramirez A, Menga G, Sansores R, Nahabedian S, Peterson S, Olsson H: Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J 2003, 21:74–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Aalbers R, Ayres J, Backer V, Decramer M, Lier PA, Magyar P, Malolepszy J, Ruffin R, Sybrecht GW: Formoterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled, 3-month trial.
Eur Respir J 2002, 19:936–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baumgartner RA, Hanania NA, Calhoun WJ, Sahn SA, Sciarappa K, Hanrahan JP: Nebulized arformoterol in patients with COPD: a 12-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled trial.
Clin Ther 2007, 29:261–78.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Benhamou D, Cuvelier A, Muir JF, Leclerc V, Le Gros V, Kottakis J, Bourdeix I: Rapid onset of bronchodilation in COPD: a placebo-controlled study comparing formoterol (Foradil Aerolizer) with salbutamol (Ventodisk).
Respir Med 2001, 95:817–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Broseghini C, Testi R, Polese G, Tosatto R, Rossi A: A comparison between inhaled salmeterol and theophylline in the short-term treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2005, 18:103–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, Jones P, Pride N, Gulsvik A, Anderson J, Maden C, the TRial of Inhaled STeroids ANd long-acting beta2 agonists study group: Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial.
Lancet 2003, 361:449–56.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chhabra SK, Vijayan VK, Vasu T: Inhaled formoterol versus ipratropium bromide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2006, 48:97–102.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gross NJ, Nelson HS, Lapidus RJ, Dunn L, Lynn L, Rinehart M, Denis-Mize K, the Formoterol Study Group: Efficacy and safety of formoterol fumarate delivered by nebulisation to COPD patients.
Respir Med 2008, 102:189–97.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grove A, Lipworth BJ, Reid P, Smith RP, Ramage L, Ingram CG, Jenkins RJ, Winter JH, Dhillon DP: Effects of regular salmeterol on lung function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease.
Thorax 1996, 51:689–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hanania NA, Darken P, Horstman D, Reisner C, Lee B, Davis S, Shah T: The efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate (250 microg)/salmeterol (50 microg) combined in the Diskus inhaler for the treatment of COPD.
Chest 2003, 124:834–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanrahan JP, Hanania NA, Calhoun WJ, Sahn SA, Sciarappa K, Baumgartner RA: Effect of nebulized arformoterol on airway function in COPD: results from two randomized trials.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2008, 5:25–34.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kaushik ML, Kashyap S, Bansal SK, Sharma A: Effectiveness of salmeterol in stable COPD.
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 1999, 41:207–12.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mahler DA, Wire P, Horstman D, Chang CN, Yates J, Fischer T, Shah T: Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 166:1084–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Matera MG, Cazzola M, Vinciguerra A, Di Perna F, Calderaro F, Caputi M, Rossi F: A comparison of the bronchodilating effects of salmeterol, salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Pulm Pharmacol 1995, 8:267–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Minakata Y, Iijima H, Takahashi T, Miura M, Ogawa H, Kimura K, Koga T, Kinoshita M, Tsuda T, Aizawa H, Ichinose M: Efficacy and safety of formoterol in Japanese patients with COPD.
Intern Med 2008, 47:217–23.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rossi A, Kristufek P, Levine BE, Thomson MH, Till D, Kottakis J, Della Cioppa G, the Formoterol in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (FICOPD) II Study Group: Comparison of the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of formoterol dry powder and oral, slow-release theophylline in the treatment of COPD.
Chest 2002, 121:1058–69.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schultze-Werninghaus G: Multicenter 1-year trial on formoterol, a new long-acting beta 2-agonist, in chronic obstructive airway disease.
Lung 1990,168(Suppl):83–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stockley RA, Chopra N, Rice L: Addition of salmeterol to existing treatment in patients with COPD: a 12 month study.
Thorax 2006, 61:122–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tashkin DP, Rennard SI, Martin P, Ramachandran S, Martin UJ, Silkoff PE, Goldman M: Efficacy and safety of budesonide and formoterol in one pressurized metered-dose inhaler in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a 6-month randomized clinical trial.
Drugs 2008, 68:1975–2000.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Noord JA, de Munck DR, Bantje TA, Hop WC, Akveld ML, Bommer AM: Long-term treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with salmeterol and the additive effect of ipratropium.
Eur Respir J 2000, 15:878–85.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wadbo M, Löfdahl CG, Larsson K, Skoogh BE, Tornling G, Arweström E, Bengtsson T, Ström K, Swedish Society of Respiratory Medicine: Effects of formoterol and ipratropium bromide in COPD: a 3-month placebo-controlled study.
Eur Respir J 2002, 20:1138–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Campbell M, Eliraz A, Johansson G, Tornling G, Nihlén U, Bengtsson T, Rabe KF: Formoterol for maintenance and as-needed treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Respir Med 2005, 99:1511–20.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Donohue JF, Menjoge S, Kesten S: Tolerance to bronchodilating effects of salmeterol in COPD.
Respir Med 2003, 97:1014–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsagaraki V, Amfilochiou A, Markantonis SL: Evidence of tachyphylaxis associated with salmeterol treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Int J Clin Pract 2006, 60:415–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dahl R, Chung KF, Buhl R, Magnussen H, Nonikov V, Jack D, Bleasdale P, Owen R, Higgins M, Kramer B, the INVOLVE (indacaterol: value in COPD pulmonary disease: longer term validation of efficacy and safety) study investigators: Efficacy of a new once-daily LABA, indacaterol, versus the twice-daily LABA, formoterol, in COPD.
Thorax 2010, 65:473–479.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanania NA, Kalberg C, Yates J, Emmett A, Horstman D, Knobil K: The bronchodilator response to salmeterol is maintained with regular, long-term use in patients with COPD.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2005, 18:19–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stockley RA, Whitehead PJ, Williams MK: Improved outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with salmeterol compared with placebo/usual therapy: results of a meta-analysis.
Respir Res 2006, 7:147.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Celli BR, Thomas NE, Anderson JA, Ferguson GT, Jenkins CR, Jones PW, Vestbo J, Knobil K, Yates JC, Calverley PMA: Effect of pharmacotherapy on rate of decline of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the TORCH study.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008, 178:332–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Di Lorenzo G, Morici G, Drago A, Pellitteri ME, Mansueto P, Melluso M, Norrito F, Squassante L, Fasolo A: Efficacy, tolerability, and effects on quality of life of inhaled salmeterol and oral theophylline in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SLMT02 Italian Study Group.
Clin Ther 1998, 20:1130–48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Noord JA, Aumann JL, Janssens E, Smeets JJ, Verhaert J, Disse B, Mueller A, Cornelissen PJ: Comparison of tiotropium once daily, formoterol twice daily and both combined once daily in patients with COPD.
Eur Respir J 2005, 26:214–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mahler DA, Weinberg DH, Wells CK, Feinstein AR: The measurement of dyspnea: contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes.
Chest 1984, 85:751–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Make B, Casaburi R, Kline Leidy N: Interpreting results from clinical trials: understanding minimal clinically important differences in COPD outcomes.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2005, 2:1–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Witek TJ Jr, Mahler DA: Meaningful effect size and patterns of response of the Transition Dyspnea Index.
J Clin Epidemiol 2003, 56:248–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Man WD, Mustfa N, Nikoletou D, Kaul S, Hart N, Rafferty GF, Donaldson N, Polkey MI, Moxham J: Effect of salmeterol on respiratory muscle activity during exercise in poorly reversible COPD.
Thorax 2004, 59:471–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Neder JA, Fuld JP, Overend T, Thirlwell J, Carter R, Stevenson R, Ward SA: Effects of formoterol on exercise tolerance in severely disabled patients with COPD.
Respir Med 2007, 101:2056–64.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O'Donnell DE, Voduc N, Fitzpatrick M, Webb KA: Effect of salmeterol on the ventilatory response to exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Eur Respir J 2004, 24:86–94.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Casaburi R: Factors determining constant work rate exercise tolerance in COPD and their role in dictating the minimal clinically important difference in response to interventions.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2005, 2:1–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akkoca Yildiz O, Onen ZP, Demir G, Eriş Gülbay B, Saryal S, Karabiyikoğlu G: Is there any difference between effects of ipratropium bromide and formoterol on exercise capacity in moderate COPD patients?
Tuberk Toraks 2006, 54:105–13.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ayers ML, Mejia R, Ward J, Lentine T, Mahler DA: Effectiveness of salmeterol versus ipratropium bromide on exertional dyspnoea in COPD.
Eur Respir J 2001, 17:1132–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Patakas D, Andreadis D, Mavrofridis E, Argyropoulou P: Comparison of the effects of salmeterol and ipratropium bromide on exercise performance and breathlessness in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Respir Med 1998, 92:1116–21.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jones PW, Bosh TK: Quality of life changes in COPD patients treated with salmeterol.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997, 155:1283–89.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jones PW: St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire: MCID.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2005, 2:75–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rodrigo GJ, Nannini LJ, Rodríguez-Roisin R: Safety of long-acting β-agonists in stable COPD.
Chest 2008, 133:1079–87.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sapey E, Stockley R: COPD exacerbations · 2: Aetiology.
Thorax 2006, 61:250–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pauwels R, Calverley P, Buist AS, Rennard S, Fukuchi Y, Stahl E, Löfdahl CG: COPD exacerbations: the importance of a standard definition.
Respir Med 2004, 98:99–107.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Keene ON, Calverley PMA, Jones PW, Vestbo J, Anderson JA: Statistical analysis of exacerbation rates in COPD: TRISTAN and ISOLDE revisited.
Eur Respir J 2008, 32:17–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu D, Menjoge S: Statistical analysis of COPD exacerbations (letter).
Eur Respir J 2008, 32:1422.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rennard SI, Tashkin DP, McElhattan J, Goldman M, Ramachandran S, Martin UF, Silkoff PE: One-year evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of budesonide/formoterol in one hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered-dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Drugs 2009, 69:549–65.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Baker Wl, Baker EL, Coleman CI: Pharmacologic treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis.
Pharmacotherapy 2009, 29:891–905.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calverley PM: Long-acting inhaled bronchodilators in COPD: how many drugs do we need?
Eur Respir J 2005, 26:190–1.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, Yancey SW, Dorinsky PM, the SMART Study Group: The Salmeterol Multicenter Asthma Research Trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol.
Chest 2006, 129:15–26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Drazen JM, O'Byrne PM: Risks of long-acting beta-agonists in achieving asthma control.
New Eng J Med 2009, 360:1671–2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sears MR: Safety of long-acting β-agonists. Are new data really required?
Chest 2009, 136:604–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Guerra S: Overlap of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005, 11:7–13.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shaya FT, Dongyi D, Akazawa MO, Blanchette CM, Wang J, Mapel DM, Dalal A, Scharf SM: Burden of concomitant asthma and COPD in a Medicaid population.
Chest 2008, 134:14–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA): Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. [http://www.ginasthma.com/Guidelineitem.asp??l1=2&l2=1&intId=1561] 2009.
Google Scholar
Dorinsky PM, Reisner C, Ferguson GT, Menjoge SS, Serby CW, Witek TJ, et al.: The combination of ipratropium and albuterol optimizes pulmonary function reversibility testing in patients with COPD.
Chest 1999, 115:966–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Donohue JF: Therapeutic responses in asthma and COPD. Bronchodilators.
Chest 2004,126(2 Suppl):125S-137S.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tashkin DP, Celli B, Decramer M, Liu D, Burkhart D, Cassino C, Kesten S: Bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with COPD.
Eur Respir J 2008, 31:742–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE: Meta-analysis: anticholinergics, but not beta-agonists, reduce severe exacerbations and respiratory mortality in COPD.
J Gen Intern Med 2006, 21:1011–19.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
La Vecchia C, Fabbri LM: Prevention of death in COPD (letter).
New Engl J Med 2007, 356:2211–2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suissa S, Ernst P, Vandemheen KL, Aaron SD: Methodological issues in therapeutic trials of COPD.
Eur Respir J 2008, 31:927–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cazzola M, Imperatore F, Salzillo A, Di Perna F, Calderaro F, Imperatore A, Matera MG: Cardiac effects of formoterol and salmeterol in patients suffering from COPD with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias and hypoxemia.
Chest 1998, 114:411–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rutten FH, Cramer MJ, Lammers JW, Grobbee DE, Hoes AW: Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an ignored combination?
Eur J Heart Fail 2006, 8:706–11.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hawkins NM, Wang D, Petrie M, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Solomon SD, Stergren JO, Michelson EL, Pocock SJ, Maggioni AP, McMurray JJV, for the CHARM investigators and committees: Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure receiving bronchodilators in the CHARM programme.
Eur J Heart Fail 2010, in press.
Google Scholar
Cazzola M, Bettoncelli G, Sessa E, Cricelli C, Biscione G: Prevalence of comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Respiration 2010, in press.
Google Scholar
Hawkins NM, Jhund PS, Simpson CR, Petrie MC, Macdonald MR, Dunn FG, Macintyre K, McMurray JJ: Primary care burden and treatment of patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Scotland.
Eur J Heart Fail 2010, 12:17–24.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hawkins NM, Petrie MC, Jhund PS, Chalmers GW, Dunn FG, McMurray JJV: Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology.
Eur J Heart Fail 2009, 11:130–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Au DH, Udris EM, Fan VS, Curtis JR, McDonell MB, Fihn SD: Risk of mortality and heart failure exacerbations associated with inhaled β-adrenoceptor agonists among patients with known left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
Chest 2003, 123:1964–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Au DH, Udris EM, Curtis JR, McDonell MB, Fihn SD: Association between chronic heart failure and inhaled β-2-adrenoceptor agonist.
Am Heart J 2004,148(5):915–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Campbell SC, Criner GJ, Levine BE, Simon SJ, Smith JS, Orevillo CJ, Ziehmer BA: Cardiac safety of formoterol 12 microg twice daily in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2007, 20:571–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferguson GT, Funck-Brentano C, Fischer T, Darken P, Reisner C: Cardiovascular safety of salmeterol in COPD.
Chest 2003, 123:1817–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Randell J, Saarinen A, Walamies M, Vahteristo M, Silvasti M, Lähelmä S: Safety of formoterol after cumulative dosing via Easyhaler and Aerolizer.
Respir Med 2005, 99:1485–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Donohue JF, Hanania NA, Fogarty C, Campbell SC, Rinehart M, Denis-Mize K: Long-term safety of nebulized formoterol: results of a twelve-month open-label clinical trial.
Ther Adv Respir Dis 2008, 2:199–208.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanrahan JP, Grogan DR, Baumgartner RA, Wilson A, Cheng H, Zimetbaum PJ, Morganroth J: Arrhythmias in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): occurrence frequency and the effect of treatment with the inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists arformoterol and salmeterol.
Medicine (Baltimore) 2008, 87:319–28.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vincken W, van Noord JA, Greefhorst APM, Bantje ThA, Kesten S, Korducki L, Cornelissen PJG: Improved health outcomes in patients with COPD during 1 yr's treatment with tiotropium.
Eur Respir J 2002, 19:209–16.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Breekveldt-Postmaa NS, Koerselman J, Erkens JA, Lammers J-WJ, Herings RMC: Enhanced persistence with tiotropium compared with other respiratory drugs in COPD.
Respir Med 2007, 101:1398–405.
Article
Google Scholar
Bourbeau J, Bartlett SJ: Patient adherence in COPD.
Thorax 2008, 63:831–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cote C, Pearle J, Sharafkhaneh A, Spangenthal S: Faster onset of action of formoterol versus salmeterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicenter, randomized study.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009, 22:44–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Partridge MR, Miravitlles M, Ståhl E, Karlsson N, Svensson K, Welte T: Development and validation of the Capacity of Daily Living during the Morning and Global Chest Symptoms Questionnaires in COPD.
Eur Respir J 2010, 36:96–104.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Janssens W, Van den Brande P, Hardeman E, De Langhe E, Philps T, Troosters T, Decramer M: Inspiratory flow rates at different levels of resistance in elderly COPD patients.
Eur Respir J 2008, 31:78–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hochrainer D, Holz H, Kreher C, Scaffidi L, Spallek M, Wachtel H: Comparison if the aerosol velocity and spray duration of Respimat
®
Soft Mist™ Inhaler and pressurized metered dose inhalers.
J Aerosol Med 2005, 18:273–82.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cazzola M, Matera MG, Lötvall J: Ultra long-acting beta 2-agonists in development for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005, 14:775–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjoge S, Decramer M, for the UPLIFT study investigators: A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
N Engl J Med 2008, 359:1543–54.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Troosters T, Celli B, Lystig T, Kesten S, Mehra S, Tashkin DP, Decramer M, on behalf of the UPLIFT investigators: Tiotropium as a first maintenance drug in COPD: secondary analysis of the UPLIFT trial.
Eur Respir J 2010, 36:65–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Battram C, Charlton SJ, Cuenoud B, Dowling MR, Fairhurst RA, Farr D, Fozard JR, Leighton-Davies JR, Lewis CA, McEvoy L, Turner RJ, Trifilieff A: In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of 5-
[(R)-2-(5,6-
diethyl-indan-2-ylamino)-1-hydroxy-ethyl]-8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (indacaterol), a novel inhaled beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist with a 24-h duration of action.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006, 317:762–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bauwens O, Ninane V, Van de Maele B, Firth R, Dong F, Owen R, Higgins M: 24-hour bronchodilator efficacy of single doses of indacaterol in subjects with COPD: comparison with placebo and formoterol.
Curr Med Res Opin 2009, 25:463–70.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beier J, Chanez P, Martinot JB, Schreurs AJ, Tkácová R, Bao W, Jack D, Higgins M: Safety, tolerability and efficacy of indacaterol, a novel once-daily beta(2)-agonist, in patients with COPD: a 28-day randomised, placebo controlled clinical trial.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2007, 20:740–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beier J, Beeh KM, Brookman L, Peachey G, Hmissi A, Pascoe S: Bronchodilator effects of indacaterol and formoterol in patients with COPD.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009, 22:492–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Naline E, Trifilieff A, Fairhurst RA, Advenier C, Molimard M: Effect of indacaterol, a novel long-acting â
2
-agonist, on isolated human bronchi.
Eur Respir J 2007, 29:575–81.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sturton RG, Trifilieff A, Nicholson AG, Barnes PJ: Pharmacological characterisation of indacaterol a novel once daily inhaled β
2
adrenoceptor agonist, on small airways in human and rat precision cut lung slices.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008, 324:270–5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lombardi D, Cuenoud B, Krämer SD: Lipid membrane interactions of indacaterol and salmeterol: do they influence their pharmacology properties?
Eur J Pharm Sci 2009, 38:533–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pontier SM, Percherancier Y, Galandrin S, Breit A, Gale C, Bouvier M: Cholesterol-dependent separation of the β
2
-adrenergic receptor from its partners determines signalling efficacy. Insight into nanoscale organization of signal transduction.
J Biol Chem 2008, 283:24659–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
ClinicalTrials.gov
[http://www.clinicaltrials.gov] 2010.
Feldman G, Siler T, Pasad N, Jack D, Piggott S, Owen R, Higgins M, Kramer B, for the INLIGHT 1 Study Group: Efficacy and safety of indacaterol 150 mcg once-daily in COPD: a double-blind, randomised, 12-week study.
BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2010, 10:11.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Barnes PJ, Pocock SJ, Magnussen H, Iqbal A, Kramer B, Higgins M, Lawrence D: Integrating indacaterol dose selection in a clinical study in COPD using an adaptive seamless design.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2010, 23:165–171.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Donohue JF, Fogarty C, Lötvall J, Mahler DA, Worth H, Yorgancioğlu A, Iqbal A, Swales J, Owen R, Higgins M, Kramer B, for the INHANCE study investigators: Once-daily bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: indacaterol versus tiotropium.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010, 182:155–162.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kornmann O, Dahl R, Centanni S, Dogra A, Owen R, Lassen C, Kramer B: Once-daily indacaterol vs twice-daily salmeterol for COPD: a placebo-controlled comparison.
Eur Respir J 2010, in press.
Google Scholar
Rennard SI, Chapman KR, Luthra A, Swales J, Lassen C, Owen R, Kramer B: Once-daily indacaterol provides effective bronchodilation over 1 year of treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [abstract].
Chest 2009, 136:4S-f.
Article
Google Scholar
Bouyssou T, Casarosa P, Naline E, Pestel S, Konetzki I, Devillier P, Schnapp A: Pharmacological characterization of olodaterol, a novel inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonist exerting a 24-hour-long duration of action in preclinical models.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010, 334:53–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bouyssou T, Hoenke C, Rudolf K, Lustenberger P, Pestel S, Sieger P, Lotz R, Heine C, Büttner FH, Schnapp A, Konetzki I: Discovery of olodaterol, a novel inhaled beta2-adrenoceptor agonist with a 24 h bronchodilatory efficacy.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010, 20:1410–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kanniess F, Make BJ, Petruzzelli S: Acute effect of carmoterol, a long-acting beta2-agonist, in patients with COPD [abstract].
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008,177(Abstracts):A655.
Google Scholar
Make BJ, Kanniess F, Bateman ED, Linberg SE: Efficacy of 3 different doses of carmoterol, a long-acting beta2-agonist in patients with COPD [abstract].
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008,177(Abstracts):A961.
Google Scholar
Rossing TH, Make BJ, Heyman ER: Carmoterol does not induce tolerance in COPD [abstract].
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008,177(Abstracts):A962.
Google Scholar
Tashkin DP, Kleerup EC, Heyman ER, Norris D, Tetruzzelli S: Effect of carmoterol pMDI on 24-hour FEV
1
in COPD patients [abstract].
Eur Respir J 2009,34(Suppl 53):E4346.
Google Scholar
Linberg SE, Heyman ER, Nandeuil MA, Kottakis I, Maison-Blance P: Cardiac safety of the novel very long-acting beta2-agonist carmoterol following single rising doses in healthy volunteers [abstract].
Eur Respir J 2006,28(Suppl 50):665s.
Google Scholar
Bateman ED, Make BJ, Nandeuil MA: Safety and tolerability of a long-acting beta2-agonist in patients with COPD [abstract].
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008,177(Abstracts):A653.
Google Scholar
Procopiou PA, Barrett VJ, Bevan NJ, Biggadike K, Box PC, Butchers PR, Coe DM, Conroy R, Emmons A, Ford AJ, Holmes DS, Horsley H, Kerr F, Li-Kwai-Cheung AM, Looker BE, Mann IS, McLay IM, Morrison VS, Mutch PJ, Smith CE, Tomlin P: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of long-acting beta2 adrenergic receptor agonists incorporating metabolic inactivation: an antedrug approach.
J Med Chem 2010,53(11):4522–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Theravance, inc
[http://www.theravance.com]
Macintyre F, Jones I, Surujbally B: A randomised, double-blind study to determine the duration of action of lung pharmacodynamics by plethysmography (sGaw) of a β
2
adrenoreceptor agonist, PF-00610355 [abstract].
Eur Respir J 2009,34(Suppl 53):P2017.
Google Scholar
Li GL, MacIntyre F, Surujbally B, Chong CL, Davis J: Safety and toleration of PF-00610355, a novel inhaled long acting β
2
adrenoreceptor agonist [abstract].
Eur Respir J 2009,34(Suppl 53):P2017.
Google Scholar
Tashkin DP, Littner M, Andrews CP, Tomlinson L, Rinehart M, Denis-Mize K: Concomitant treatment with nebulized formoterol and tiotropium in subjects with COPD: A placebo-controlled trial.
Respir Med 2008, 102:479–87.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tashkin D, Pearle J, Iezzoni D, Verghese ST: Treatment with formoterol plus tiotropium is more effective than treatment with tiotropium alone in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: findings from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2009, 6:17–25.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tashkin DP, Donohue JF, Mahler DA, Huang H, Goodwin E, Schaefer K, Hanrahan JP, Andrews WT: Effects of arformoterol twice daily, tiotropium once daily, and their combination in patients with COPD.
Respir Med 2009, 103:516–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Noord JA, Aumann JL, Janssens E, Smeets JJ, Mueller A, Cornelissen P: Combination therapy of tiotropium plus salmeterol superior to single agent therapy in terms of dyspnea improvement in COPD [abstract].
Chest 2005, 128:177S.
Google Scholar
Rabe KF, Timmer W, Sagkriotis A, Viel K: Comparison of a combination of tiotropium plus formoterol plus fluticasone in moderate COPD.
Chest 2008, 134:255–62.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
van Noord JA, Buhl R, LaForce C, Martin C, Jones F, Dolker M, Overend T: QVA149, a novel combination of indacaterol and glycoprronium, demonstrates superior bronchodilation compared with indacaterol or placebo in patients with COPD [abstract].
Eur Respir J 2009,34(Suppl 53):E4347.
Google Scholar
Fabbri LM, van de Maele B, Lemmens B, Martin C, Horton R, Dolker M, Overend T: Cardiovascular safety of QVA149, a novel combination of indacaterol and glycopyrronium compared with indacaterol and placebo in patients with COPD [abstract].
Eur Respir J 2009,34(Suppl 53):P2027.
Google Scholar
Aaron SD, Vandemheen KL, Fergusson D, Maltais F, Bourbeau J, Goldstein R, Balter M, O'Donnell D, McIvor A, Sharma S, Bishop G, Anthony J, Cowie R, Field S, Hirsch A, Hernandez P, Rivington R, Road J, Hoffstein V, Hodder R, Marciniuk D, McCormack D, Fox G, Cox G, Prins HB, Ford G, Bleskie D, Doucette S, Mayers I, Chapman K, Zamel N, Fitzgerald M, for the Canadian Thoracic Society/Canadian Clinical Research Consortium: Tiotropium in combination with placebo, salmeterol, or fluticasone-salmeterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial.
Ann Intern Med 2007, 146:545–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Singh D, Brooks J, Hagan G, Cahn A, O'Connor BJ: Superiority of "triple" therapy with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate and tiotropium bromide versus individual components in moderate to severe COPD.
Thorax 2008, 63:592–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Welte T, Miravitlles M, Hernandez P, Erikkson G, Peterson S, Polanowski T, Kessler R: Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide/formoterol added to tiotropium in COPD patients.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009, 180:741–50.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar