Respiratory symptoms and outcomes among cigar smokers: findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study waves 2–5 (2014–2019)

Table 5 Associations between cigarillo and cigarette use status and lifetime asthma diagnosis and uncontrolled asthma (Wave 2 – Wave 5 population averaged), PATH Study 2014–2019

Lifetime asthma diagnosis Obs = 42,652^a					Uncontrolled asthma^b (ACT ≤ 19) Obs = 5,688^a
Tobacco use status	Obs	Weighted % (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Tobacco use status	Obs	Weighted % (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Never smokers of cigarettes or cigarillos Obs = 20,205	3,119	11.5 (10.4, 12.6)	Ref	Ref	Never smokers of cigarettes or cigarillos Obs = 2,898	305	12.6 (10.1, 15.6)	Ref	Ref
Current established cigarillo smokers Obs = 920	147	14.7 (11.4, 18.9)	0.97 (0.86, 1.09)	1.10 (0.96, 1.27)	Current established cigarillo smokers Obs = 129	23	18.8 (10.6, 31.2)	1.52 (0.41, 5.62)	1.88 (0.31, 11.33)
Current established cigarette smokers Obs = 20,404	2,725	11.8 (10.9, 12.6)	1.02 (0.90, 1.15)	1.18 (1.03, 1.34)	Current established cigarette smokers Obs = 2,465	582	23.8 (20.8, 27.0)	2.09 (1.48, 2.95)	1.84 (1.15, 2.93)
Current established dual smokers of cigarillos and cigarettes Obs = 1,123	214	15.9 (13.2, 19.1)	1.01 (0.89, 1.15)	1.18 (1.03, 1.34)	Current established dual smokers of cigarillos and cigarettes Obs = 196	46	26.1 (18.6, 35.3)	2.20 (1.26, 3.83)	1.81 (0.94, 3.48)

OR odds ratio, Obs observations
Bolded estimates are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
Ns are unweighted; percentages and ORs are weighted using the Wave 5 all-waves weights for the Wave 1 Cohort
Excludes those with COPD and other non-asthma respiratory diseases
Adjusted for age (18–39 vs. 40 +), sex, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, cigarette pack years, duration of cigar use, secondhand smoke exposure, past month marijuana use, and current established use of at least one of: ENDS, pipe, hookah, smokeless tobacco, snus. Also adjusted for current established use of traditional cigars and filtered cigars. Uncontrolled asthma model also adjusted for use of asthma medications
^aOverall Obs represents unadjusted model and does not take into account missingness on covariates. 9,645 observations were missing on covariates for the ever asthma adjusted model and 1,712 for the uncontrolled asthma adjusted model
^bAmong adults with an asthma diagnosis

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