Respiratory symptoms and outcomes among cigar smokers: findings from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study waves 2–5 (2014–2019)

Table 4 Associations between traditional cigar and cigarette use status and lifetime asthma diagnosis and uncontrolled asthma (Wave 2 – Wave 5 population averaged), PATH Study 2014–2019

Lifetime asthma diagnosis Obs = 42,871^a					Uncontrolled asthma^c (ACT ≤ 19) Obs = 5,700^a
Tobacco use status	Obs	Weighted % (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Tobacco use status	Obs	Weighted % (95% CI)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Never smokers of cigarettes or traditional cigars Obs = 20,247	3,134	11.5 (10.5, 12.6)	Ref	Ref	Never smokers of cigarettes or traditional cigars Obs = 2,912	306	12.5 (10.1, 15.6)	Ref	Ref
Current established traditional cigar smokers Obs = 1,060	130	9.9 (7.4, 13.3)	0.94 (0.80, 1.11)	1.08 (0.85, 1.37)	Current established traditional cigar smokers Obs = 117	10	8.3^b (3.9, 16.8)	0.74 (0.30, 1.81)	0.74 (0.22, 2.56)
Current established cigarette smokers Obs = 21,039	2,862	11.9 (11.1, 12.8)	1.01 (0.89, 1.15)	1.18 (1.03, 1.35)	Current established cigarette smokers Obs = 2,591	606	23.5 (20.5, 26.8)	2.09 (1.48, 2.95)	1.86 (1.17, 2.96)
Current established dual smokers of traditional cigars and cigarettes Obs = 525	87	13.8 (9.6, 19.4)	1.03 (0.90, 1.18)	1.20 (1.04, 1.38)	Current established dual smokers of traditional cigars and cigarettes Obs = 80	24	37.4 (22.2, 55.5)	2.66 (1.27, 5.55)	2.15 (0.78, 5.97)

OR odds ratio, Obs observations
Bolded estimates are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
Ns are unweighted; percentages and ORs are weighted using the Wave 5 all-waves weights for the Wave 1 Cohort
Excludes those with COPD and other non-asthma respiratory diseases
Adjusted for age (18–39 vs. 40 +), sex, race/ethnicity, education, BMI, cigarette pack years, duration of cigar use, secondhand smoke exposure, past month marijuana use, and current established use of at least one of: ENDS, pipe, hookah, smokeless tobacco, snus. Also adjusted for current established use of cigarillos and filtered cigars. Uncontrolled asthma model also adjusted for use of asthma medications
^aOverall Obs represents unadjusted model and does not take into account missingness on covariates. 9,616 observations were missing on covariates for the ever asthma adjusted model and 1,690 for the uncontrolled asthma adjusted model
^bEstimate should be interpreted with extra caution because it has low statistical precision. It is based on a denominator sample size of less than 50, or the coefficient of variation of the estimate or its complement is larger than 30%
^cAmong adults with an asthma diagnosis

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