Fig. 2

LysoPC activated lung fibroblast and promoted mice lung fibrosis. A UPLC-MS analyzed the lipid signature of serum of IPF patient, principal components analysis of overall serum profiles of lipid molecules in IPF patients (n = 8) and healthy control (n = 7) (upper); KEGG pathway analysis showed that top alter lipid metabolic pathway was enriched in glycerophospholipid and choline metabolism (lower). B, UPLC-MS analyzed the lipid signature of Bleomycin treated A549 supernatant. C, GO analysis showed the top alter lipid metabolic pathway was enriched in glycerophospholipid and choline metabolism. D, Bleomycin treated A549 supernatant significantly activated lung fibroblast. E, LysoPC identified from UPLC-MS could activate lung fibroblast in vitro. F,G, LysoPC (14:0) promoted experimental mice lung fibrosis which was comparable to the effects of Bleomycin as showed by histological analysis, scale bar = 20 μm, hydroxyproline content and western blot detection of fibrotic markers. H, Relative protein expression analysis of fibrotic markers of lung fibroblast and mice upon treatment of LysoPC. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, *: p < 0.05; **: p < 0.01