Fig. 1

Features of eccDNAs detected in plasma samples from IPAH patients and healthy individuals. A Karyotype plots showing the chromosomal distribution of eccDNAs identified in each individual. B Size distribution of the identified eccDNAs in the IPAH and Control groups. Individuals are indicated by different color. C GC contents of eccDNA locus and regions immediately upstream and downstream of the eccDNA, compared to the genomic average. Blue, 1000 stretches upstream of the eccDNA locus (from eccDNA_start − 1000 to eccDNA_start); green, eccDNA (from eccDNA_start to eccDNA_end); yellow, 1000 stretches downstream of the eccDNA locus (from eccDNA_end to eccDNA_end + 1000); red, 1000 random stretches of the genome of equivalent length as the eccDNA. D Genomic distributions of eccDNAs in IPAH and Control groups. CpG2kbD, 2 kb downstream of CpG islands; CpG2kbU, 2 kb upstream of CpG islands; Gene2kbD, 2 kb downstream of genes; Gene2kbU, 2 kb upstream of genes. E Repetitive regions from total mapped reads for eccDNAs derived from each sample. Red, Control group; blue, IPAH group. F EccDNA frequency relative to chromosome. EccDNA counts per Mb from Control (red circle) and IPAH (green cross) per chromosome