Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to BMI change
Over 5% decrease | Maintenance | Over 5% increase | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 14,728 | N = 80,689 | N = 21,046 | ||
Age, years | 69.5 (10.5) | 67.2 (9.9) | 67.4 (10.2) | < 0.001 |
Sex | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 9,405 (63.9) | 54,231 (67.2) | 13,646 (64.8) | |
Female | 5,323 (36.1) | 26,458 (32.8) | 7,400 (35.2) | |
Residential area, metropolitan | 7,172 (48.7) | 43,204 (53.5) | 10,893 (51.8) | < 0.001 |
Income | < 0.001 | |||
Medical Aid | 773 (5.2) | 2,664 (3.3) | 1,180 (5.6) | |
≤ 30th | 3,212 (21.8) | 17,743 (22.0) | 4,665 (22.2) | |
31st – 70th | 4,799 (32.6) | 26,250 (32.5) | 6,888 (32.7) | |
> 70th | 5,721 (38.8) | 32,712 (40.5) | 7,986 (37.9) | |
Unknown | 223 (1.5) | 1,320 (1.6) | 327 (1.6) | |
BMI before COPD diagnosis | 24.3 (3.7) | 24.1 (3.3) | 22.9 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
Underweight | 677 (4.6) | 3,122 (3.9) | 1,746 (8.3) | |
Normal | 4,853 (33.0) | 26,868 (33.3) | 9,565 (45.4) | |
Overweight | 3,379 (22.9) | 20,425 (25.3) | 4,666 (22.2) | |
Obese | 5,819 (39.5) | 30,274 (37.5) | 5,069 (24.1) | |
BMI after COPD diagnosis | 22.2 (3.4) | 24.2 (3.4) | 24.9 (3.7) | < 0.001 |
Underweight | 1,987 (13.5) | 3,181 (3.9) | 482 (2.3) | |
Normal | 7,031 (47.7) | 26,473 (32.8) | 5,916 (28.1) | |
Overweight | 2,939 (20.0) | 20,246 (25.1) | 4,997 (23.7) | |
Obese | 2,771 (18.8) | 30,789 (38.2) | 9,651 (45.9) | |
Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 6,551 (44.5) | 33,075 (41.0) | 8,711 (41.4) | |
Past | 2,968 (20.2) | 19,352 (24.0) | 5,585 (26.5) | |
Current | 3,107 (21.1) | 16,393 (20.3) | 3,719 (17.7) | |
Unknown | 2,102 (14.3) | 11,869 (14.7) | 3,031 (14.4) | |
Drinking status | < 0.001 | |||
No | 10,338 (70.2) | 50,087 (62.1) | 13,570 (64.5) | |
Yes | 4,387 (29.8) | 30,562 (37.9) | 7,470 (35.5) | |
Unknown | 3 (0.0) | 40 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | |
Regular MVPA, yes | 3,199 (21.7) | 19,445 (24.1) | 4,493 (21.3) | < 0.001 |
Charlson Comorbidity Indexa) | 2.4 (1.9) | 2.1 (1.7) | 2.2 (1.7) | < 0.001 |
Comorbiditiesa) | ||||
Pulmonary TB | 613 (4.2) | 2,508 (3.1) | 834 (4.0) | < 0.001 |
ILD | 409 (2.8) | 1,589 (2.0) | 385 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
Bronchiectasis | 950 (6.5) | 4,978 (6.2) | 1,256 (6.0) | 0.175 |
Pneumonia | 3,081 (20.9) | 14,066 (17.4) | 3,835 (18.2) | < 0.001 |
Medicationa) | ||||
LABA | 2,027 (13.8) | 11,228 (13.9) | 3,058 (14.5) | 0.048 |
LAMA | 2,619 (17.8) | 13,333 (16.5) | 3,806 (18.1) | < 0.001 |
ICS | 3,059 (20.8) | 14,545 (18.0) | 4,003 (19.0) | < 0.001 |
Previous severe exacerbationa) | 1,450 (9.8) | 5,311 (6.6) | 1,635 (7.8) | < 0.001 |