Updated reference values for static lung volumes from a healthy population in Austria

Mraz, Tobias; Asgari, Shervin; Karimi, Ahmad; Breyer, Marie-Kathrin; Hartl, Sylvia; Sunanta, Owat; Ofenheimer, Alina; Burghuber, Otto C.; Zacharasiewicz, Angela; Lamprecht, Bernd; Schiffers, Caspar; Wouters, Emiel F. M.; Breyer-Kohansal, Robab

doi:10.1186/s12931-024-02782-6

Respiratory Research

Table 4 GLI reference equations for lung volumes in males and females

From: Updated reference values for static lung volumes from a healthy population in Austria

GLI⁶	Male (n = 2397)					Female (n = 2974)
	Z-score	KS p -value	95% CI	% > ULN	% < LLN	Z-score	KS p -value	95% CI	% > ULN	% < LLN
	(mean ± SD)	KS p -value	95% CI	% > ULN	% < LLN	(mean ± SD)	KS p -value	95% CI	% > ULN	% < LLN
TLC
total	0.50 ± 0.96	< 0.001	[0.46, 0.54]	11.64	1.21	0.73 ± 0.93	< 0.001	[0.70, 0.77]	15.84	0.50
≤ 18 years	0.78 ± 099	< 0.001	[0.72, 0.84]	19.81	0.32	0.99 ± 0.97	< 0.001	[0.94, 1.04]	25.02	0.56
18–65 years	0.31 ± 0.90	< 0.001	[0.26, 0.36]	6.59	1.73	0.51 ± 0.85	< 0.001	[0.47, 0.56]	8.19	0.34
> 65 years	0.4 ± 0.91	< 0.001	[0.28, 0.53]	6.06	2.02	0.77 ± 0.85	< 0.001	[0.67, 0.88]	15.61	1.27
FRC
total	0.36 ± 0.86	< 0.001	[0.32, 0.39]	6.09	1.75	0.45 ± 0.84	< 0.001	[0.42, 0.48]	6.83	1.01
≤ 18 years	0.33 ± 0.84	< 0.001	[0.28, 0.39]	5.63	1.95	0.37 ± 0.84	< 0.001	[0.32, 0.41]	5.37	1.20
18–65 years	0.39 ± 0.89	< 0.001	[0.34, 0.43]	6.67	1.80	0.5 ± 0.82	< 0.001	[0.46, 0.55]	7.45	0.94
> 65 years	0.28 ± 0.78	< 0.001	[0.17, 0.39]	4.55	0.51	0.52 ± 0.88	< 0.001	[0.41, 0.64]	10.55	0.42
RV
total	0.68 ± 0.67	< 0.001	[0.65, 0.71]	7.63	0.04	0.91 ± 0.67	< 0.001	[0.89, 0.94]	12.88	0.17
≤ 18 years	0.60 ± 0.67	< 0.001	[0.56, 0.64]	4.98	0.11	0.84 ± 0.66	< 0.001	[0.80, 0.87]	9.94	0.40
18–65 years	0.75 ± 0.68	< 0.001	[0.71, 0.79]	9.80	0.00	1.01 ± 0.67	< 0.001	[1.05, 1.12]	16.11	0.00
> 65 years	0.61 ± 0.60	< 0.001	[0.52, 0.69]	6.06	0.00	0.72 ± 0.63	< 0.001	[0.44, 0.58]	8.02	0.00
RV/TLC
total	0.81 ± 0.68	< 0.001	[0.78, 0.84]	11.39	0.00	0.96 ± 0.68	< 0.001	[0.94, 0.98]	14.46	0.13
≤ 18 years	0.80 ± 0.69	< 0.001	[0.76, 0.85]	11.15	0.00	0.89 ± 0.64	< 0.001	[0.86, 0.93]	9.54	0.24
18–65 years	0.84 ± 0.67	< 0.001	[0.81, 0.88]	12.31	0.00	1.09 ± 0.70	< 0.001	[1.05, 1.12]	20.60	0.07
> 65 years	0.62 ± 0.62	< 0.001	[0.53, 0.70]	6.57	0.00	0.51 ± 0.58	< 0.001	[0.44, 0.58]	1.69	0.00
IC
total	0.30 ± 1.18	< 0.001	[0.25, 0.35]	12.60	3.09	0.62 ± 1.22	< 0.001	[0.58, 0.67]	19.33	1.14
≤ 18 years	0.82 ± 1.28	< 0.001	[0.74, 0.91]	24.68	2.06	1.27 ± 1.30	< 0.001	[1.19, 1.34]	38.17	1.04
18–65 years	-0.08 ± 0.95	< 0.001	[-0.13, -0.03]	4.24	3.84	0.10 ± 0.89	< 0.001	[0.06, 0.15]	4.50	1.41
> 65 years	0.30 ± 1.12	0.005	[0.14, 0.46]	10.10	3.03	0.51 ± 0.91	< 0.001	[0.39, 0.62]	13.50	0.00
ERV
total	-0.34 ± 1.12	< 0.001	[-0.38, -0.29]	2.09	12.10	-0.56 ± 1.38	< 0.001	[-0.61, -0.51]	2.66	17.75
≤ 18 years	-0.62 ± 1.34	< 0.001	[-0.70, -0.53]	3.35	21.00	-1.03 ± 1.69	< 0.001	[-1.13, -0.94]	4.49	31.76
18–65 years	-0.14 ± 0.91	< 0.001	[-0.19, -0.09]	1.49	6.51	-0.24 ± 0.97	< 0.001	[-0.29, -0.19]	1.28	7.92
> 65 years	-0.32 ± 0.88	< 0.001	[-0.45, -0.20]	0.00	6.57	-0.17 ± 0.92	0.079	[-0.29, -0.06]	1.69	5.91

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval of mean Z-scores, ERV expiratory reserve volume, FRC functional residual capacity, GLI Global Lung Function Initiative, IC, inspiratory capacity, KS Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for distribution of mean Z-scores, LLN lower limit of normal, RV residual volume, TLC total lung capacity, ULN upper limit of normal

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