Fig. 4From: Astaxanthin attenuates cigarette smoke-induced small airway remodeling via the AKT1 signaling pathwayAXT attenuated CSE -induced fibroblast differentiation and proliferationThe mRNA (A) and protein (B) expression levels of the classical EMT activation markers type I collagen and α-SMA were significantly upregulated in MRC5 cells after treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), and AXT dose-dependently reduced CSE-induced upregulation of type I collagen and α-SMA levels; EdU staining (C) and CCK8 assay (D) were used to detect the effect of AXT on the proliferation of MRC-5 cells. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001Back to article page