Table 1 Demographics of study participants (n = 600)
From: Increased di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure poses a differential risk for adult asthma clusters
Control | Case | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 235 | 365 | |
Gender, N (%)a | 0.12 | ||
Male | 111 (47.2) | 149 (40.8) | |
Female | 124 (52.8) | 216 (59.2) | |
Age (yrs), Mean (± SD)b | 53.6 (± 13.6) | 56.0 (± 14.8) | 0.01* |
BMI (kg/m2), Mean (± SD)b | 24.3 (± 3.4) | 25.1 (± 4.1) | 0.02* |
Education, N (%)a | < 0.001*** | ||
College/University | 75 (31.9) | 60 (16.4) | |
High school | 160 (68.1) | 305 (83.6) | |
Household Income, N (%)a | 0.001** | ||
> 100 (thousand dollars) | 9 (3.8) | 10 (2.7) | |
67 < x ≤ 99 (thousand dollars) | 10 (4.3) | 6 (1.6) | |
34 < x ≤ 66 (thousand dollars) | 44 (18.7) | 44 (12.1) | |
≤ 33 (thousand dollars) | 80 (34.0) | 102 (27.9) | |
Unknown / Prefer not to disclose | 92 (39.1) | 203 (55.6) | |
Onset age (yrs), Mean (± SD)b | NA | 43.8 (± 20.0) | NA |
Smoking status, N (%)a | 0.15 | ||
Current smoker | 181 (77.0) | 283 (77.5) | |
Ex-smoker | 28 (11.9) | 56 (15.3) | |
Never smoker | 26 (11.1) | 26 (7.1) | |
Second-hand Smoke at Home, N (%)a | 158 (67.2) | 227 (62.2) | 0.21 |
Second-hand Smoke at Work, N (%)a | 78 (33.2) | 150 (41.1) | 0.05 |
Atopy, N (%)a | 12 (5.1) | 288 (78.9) | < 0.001*** |
Asthma Severity, N (%)a | < 0.001*** | ||
Severe/Very severe | 0 (0.0) | 250 (68.5) | |
Mild/Moderate | 0 (0.0) | 115 (31.5) | |
ACT score, Mean (± SD)b | NA | 20.6 (± 3.5) | NA |
IgE (U/mL), Mean (± SD)b | NA | 186.8 (± 245.3) | NA |
Eosinophil Count (/cumm), Median (25-75th )b | NA | 234.8 (± 224.5) | NA |
FVC%, Mean (± SD)b | 85.5 (± 14.8) | 86.3 (± 18.5) | 0.13 |
FVC (L), Mean (± SD)b | 2.8 (± 0.9) | 2.7 (± 0.9) | 0.16 |
FEV1%, Mean (± SD)b | 87.6 (± 15.0) | 78.2 (± 21.5) | < 0.001*** |
FEV1 (L), Mean (± SD)b | 2.4 (± 0.8) | 2.0 (± 0.8) | < 0.001*** |
PEFR%, Mean (± SD)b | 72.2 (± 22.3) | 70.0 (± 31.3) | < 0.001*** |
PEFR (L/S), Mean (± SD)b | 312.0 (± 132.7) | 324.8 (± 131.9) | 0.22 |
FEV1/FVC%, Mean (± SD)b | 85.1 (± 9.7) | 73.8 (± 11.9) | 0.34 |
Asthma comorbid with T2DM | < 0.001*** | ||
Yes | 0 (0.0) | 45 (12.3) | |
No | 0 (0.0) | 320 (87.7) | |
Asthma comorbid with hypertension | < 0.001*** | ||
Yes | 0 (0.0) | 107 (29.3) | |
No | 0 (0.0) | 258 (70.7) | |
Asthma comorbid with T2DM and hypertension | < 0.001*** | ||
Yes | 0 (0.0) | 27 (7.4) | |
No, only T2DM or hypertension | 0 (0.0) | 214 (58.6) | |
No | 0 (0.0) | 124 (34.0) | |
Asthma comorbid with allergic rhinitis | < 0.001*** | ||
Yes | 0 (0.0) | 241 (66.0) | |
No | 0 (0.0) | 124 (34.0) |