Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics at baseline between healthy subjects and patients with ACO
|  | Healthy subjects (n = 22) | Patients with ACO (n = 27) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 67.5 (9.5) | 67.3 (11.4) | 0.947 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 (4.0) | 23.1 (5.1) | 0.152 |
Current smoker (%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (29.6%) | 0.006 |
Pack/year | 0 | 50.0 (30.0–75.0) | < 0.001 |
ACCI | 4.0 (2.4) | 4.7 (1.9) | 0.230 |
mMRC score | N.A. | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) |  |
CAT score | N.A. | 9.0 (6.0–15.0) |  |
Hemogram parameters | |||
 WBC count (1000/μL) | 5.9 (2.4) | 8.0 (2.5) | 0.004 |
 Neutrophil (%) | 59.9 (9.4) | 56.4 (13.9) | 0.324 |
 Lymphocyte (%) | 31.2 (10.6) | 32.0 (12.0) | 0.806 |
 Monocyte (%) | 6.5 (2.2) | 6.4 (1.9) | 0.928 |
 Eosinophil (%) | 1.8 (0.8–2.9) | 3.2 (1.9–5.1) | 0.008 |
 AEC (/μL) | 90.4 (48.6–158.2) | 291.2 (121.8–432.0) | 0.001 |
 NLR | 1.9 (1.3–2.6) | 1.9 (1.1–2.6) | 0.469 |
 LMR | 6.2 (3.5–7.5) | 4.6 (3.7–6.9) | 0.644 |
 Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7 (1.8) | 14.2 (1.6) | 0.271 |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 (0.4) | 4.4 (0.4) | 0.247 |
Pulmonary function test | |||
 Pre-BD FVC (%) | 91.8 (10.9) | 74.0 (16.8) | < 0.001 |
 Pre-BD FEV1 (%) | 93.9 (10.9) | 49.9 (17.3) | < 0.001 |
 Pre-BD FEV1/FVC | 78.9 (75.8–84.1) | 52.9 (45.1–60.3) | < 0.001 |
 Pre-BD FEF25%–75% (%) | 82.0 (31.1) | 20.2 (9.3) | < 0.001 |
 Post-BD FVC (%) | N.A. | 77.4 (16.4) |  |
 Post-BD FEV1 (%) | N.A. | 54.7 (18.9) |  |
 Post-BD FEV1/FVC | N.A. | 53.7 (11.3) |  |
 Post-BD FEF25%–75% (%) | N.A. | 23.8 (11.9) |  |
 BD response (%) | N.A. | 2 (7.4%)a |  |
Atopic diseases | |||
 Asthma history | 0 (0%) | 14 (51.9%) | < 0.001 |
 Allergic rhinitis | 0 (0%) | 14 (51.9%) | < 0.001 |
 Atopic dermatitis | 0 (0%) | 3 (11.1%) | 0.242 |
 AEs in the previous year | N.A. | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) |  |