Fig. 5

Interactions among pathogens, lung microbiome, and host responses are associated with disease severity.  A Network of associations between the lung DES (n  = 76) and DEGs (n  = 1293) between CMPP and GMPP groups. Each diamond node represented a lung species. Each circle node represented a host gene. Edges showed medium above associations between microbial abundance and gene expression level (Spearman’s r  > 0.4, P  < 0.05). The circular nodes labeled were black-DEGs. B A heatmap showing the correlation among lung microbiome (top 10 DES), host response (top 10 hub genes) and clinical indicators. C Sankey diagram showing the relationships among pathogen, lung microbiome, host response, and clinical features