Fig. 2

Lung microbiome imbalance are associated with MPP severity.  A Alpha diversity evaluated by the Shannon index. B Alpha diversity evaluated by the Simpson index. C, D Beta diversity evaluated by the PCoA and NMDS analyses based on Bray-Curtis distance. E Relative abundance of lung microbiota at the species level. F Hierarchical clustering-based classification of samples into two clusters, M1 and M2. G Network of associations among the lung microbiota. Diamond nodes represented species. The larger and redder the node, the more nodes it was associated with. Edges indicated significant associations ( P  < 0.05) between species and were colored based on positive (green) and negative (red) associations between species abundances. H The top 10 DES between the CMPP and GMPP groups based on LEfSe analysis. I-J The diagnostic value of alpha diversity for GMPP. (K) ROC curve constructed to study the diagnostic value of the top 10 DES (except MP) for GMPP.  AUC area under the curve, CI 95% confidence interval, DES differentially expressed species, LEfSe linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size, NMDS non-metric multidimensional scaling, PCoA principal coordinates analysis, ROC receiver operating characteristic curve