Pan-cancer assessment of antineoplastic therapy-induced interstitial lung disease in patients receiving subsequent therapy immediately following immune checkpoint blockade therapy

Table 2 Univariable and two-variable Fine-Gray analyses for prediction of drug-induced interstitial lung disease

Variable	Univariable			Two-variable model
	Univariable			Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
Age (≥75 vs <75 years)	0.25	0.03–1.88	.18
Sex (male vs female)	1.89	0.43–8.39	.40
Smoking history (ever vs never)	1.01	0.99–1.03	.60
ECOG-PS (≥2 vs <2)	0.97	0.30–3.12	.96
History of ILD (yes vs no)	1.58	0.21–11.67	.66
History of ICI-induced ILD (yes vs no)	3.99	1.29–12.39	.02	2.61	0.87–7.88	.08
History of prior thoracic radiotherapy (yes vs no)	1.22	0.35–4.26	.76							0.78	0.23–2.67	.69
History of irAEs (yes vs no)	1.02	0.36–2.92	.97
PD-L1 expression (≥50% vs <50%)	2.03	0.50–8.33	.32
Lung cancer (yes vs no)	6.19	1.75–21.91	.005	5.33	1.52–18.75	.009	4.72	1.38–16.11	.01	6.45	1.83–22.69	.004
Interval between ICI therapy and post-ICI antineoplastic therapy (≥3 months vs <3 months)	2.57	0.81–8.14	.11
Presence of pleural fluid (yes vs no)	4.15	1.31–13.16	.02				2.81	0.91–8.71	.07
Presence of pulmonary emphysema (yes vs no)	1.93	0.67–5.55	.22
Response to prior ICI therapy (yes vs no)	2.8	0.92–8.50	.06
Treatment line (≥4th vs ≤3rd)	1.03	0.32–3.32	.97

CI: confidence interval; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; HR: hazard ratio; ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor; ILD: interstitial lung disease; irAEs: immune-related adverse events; PD-L1: programmed death ligand 1; PS: performance status

ISSN: 1465-993X