Fig. 1

Single-cell transcriptional analysis of PBMCs in ARDS patients induced by COVID-19. A Workflow of overall study. B Single-cell atlas of ARDS induced by COVID-19, with a total of 33 cell clusters of 106,033 cells captured. C The correlations among different clusters of single cells. D, E Identification of the 33 clusters with various cell types, including naïve T cells (n = 51,583 cells), B cells (n = 9,955 cells), CD8⁺ T cells (n = 26,652 cells), monocytes (n = 14,776 cells), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs; n = 1,441 cells), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; n = 837 cells), and mast cells (n = 788 cells). F Bubble chart illustrating the expression of marker genes for each individual cell type. The colors of the bubbles indicate the logFC and the sizes of the bubbles represent -log10(adj.P). G Cell clusters with marker genes mapped in the single-cell spectrum for naïve T cells (CD3D, CD3E, CD3G, and CD247), CD8⁺ T cells (CD8A and CD8B), B cells (MS4A1, CD79A, and CD79B), monocytes (CD14 and CSF1R), and MDDCs (CD1C). H Cellular components and changes in the control group (Control), non-kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with ARDS group (ARDS_nonKTR), and KTRs with ARDS group (ARDS_KTRs)