Blood glucose and lipids are associated with sarcoidosis: findings from observational and mendelian randomization studies

Table 3 Heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests of the forward mendelian randomization analysis

Test	Exposure	Method	Effect size	P value
Heterogeneity	Fasting glucose	Cochran’s Q test	78.8 (Q_{MR Egger})	0.063
	Fasting glucose	Cochran’s Q test	82.0 (Q_IVW)	0.045
	HDLC	Cochran’s Q test	399.7 (Q_{MR Egger})	0.000
	HDLC	Cochran’s Q test	403.4 (Q_IVW)	0.000
	LDLC	Cochran’s Q test	187.3 (Q_{MR Egger})	0.012
	LDLC	Cochran’s Q test	188.3 (Q_IVW)	0.012
	TC	Cochran’s Q test	10.9 (Q_{MR Egger})	0.964
	TC	Cochran’s Q test	11.5 (Q_IVW)	0.966
	TG	Cochran’s Q test	7.5 (Q_{MR Egger})	0.679
	TG	Cochran’s Q test	7.8 (Q_IVW)	0.733
Pleiotropy	Fasting glucose	MR-Egger regression	-0.016 (Egger regression intercept)	0.116
	HDLC	MR-Egger regression	-0.007 (Egger regression intercept)	0.091
	LDLC	MR-Egger regression	-0.005 (Egger regression intercept)	0.377
	TC	MR-Egger regression	0.013(Egger regression intercept)	0.439
	TG	MR-Egger regression	0.018 (Egger regression intercept)	0.595

MR, Mendelian randomization. IVW, inverse variance weighted. HDLC, high density lipoprotein cholesterol. LDLC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. TC, total cholesterol. TG, total triglyceride. HDLC, high density lipoprotein cholesterol. LDLC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. TC, total cholesterol. TG, total triglyceride

ISSN: 1465-993X