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Table 2 Statistical comparison of serum concentrations of TRP metabolites and TRP/KYN ratio among patient groups

From: Identification of kynurenine and quinolinic acid as promising serum biomarkers for drug-induced interstitial lung diseases

Groups

TRP# (µM)

KYN# (µM)

QUNA (nM)

KYN/TRP#(ratio)

Median

Conc

Adjusted

p-value

Median

Conc

Adjusted

p-value

Median

Conc

Adjusted

p-value

Median

Conc

Adjusted

p-value

(range)

vs

DAD/DAD

mixed

vs

All-DILD

(range)

vs

DAD/DAD

mixed

vs

All-DILD

(range)

vs

DAD/DAD

mixed

vs

All-DILD

(range)

vs

DAD/DAD

mixed

vs

All-DILD

All-DILD

41.3 (30.4–54.0)

–

–

4.0 (2.8–5.4)

–

–

1193.5 (593.6–1910.9)

–

–

0.108 (0.066–0.155)

–

–

DAD/DAD-mixed

32.3 (22.4–40.7)

–

–

5.0 (4.3–5.5)

–

–

1557.9 (955.4–2563.6)

–

–

0.158 (0.111–0.211)

–

–

OP

44.3 (39.2–54.2)

N.S

–

3.4 (2.6–4.6)

0.03

–

821.0 (537.3–1512.6)

0.02

–

0.085 (0.057–0.131)

< 0.01

–

NSIP

41.5 (28.9–59.3)

N.S

–

3.5 (2.5–5.3)

N.S

–

1246.1 (550.2–1609.7)

N.S

–

0.097 (0.063–0.149)

N.S

–

Other

36.1

–

–

2.8

–

–

1165.8

–

–

0.079

–

–

DILD recovery

52.1 (45.7–60.1)

< 0.01

< 0.01

2.1 (1.6–2.9)

< 0.01

< 0.01

325.9 (190.0–580.6)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.038 (0.029–0.058)

< 0.01

< 0.01

DILD-tolerant

55.3 (50.3–62.6)

< 0.01

< 0.01

2.1 (1.7–2.6)

< 0.01

< 0.01

286.9 (206.7–403.4)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.036 (0.030–0.052)

< 0.01

< 0.01

Lung cancer

50.4 (44.3–57.8)

< 0.01

< 0.01

2.1 (1.7–3.0)

< 0.01

< 0.01

252.3 (191.0–474.1)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.040 (0.032–0.060)

< 0.01

< 0.01

BP

45.8 (41.9–52.1)

N.S

N.S

2.3 (1.8–3.2)

< 0.01

< 0.01

486.8 (341.6–606.1)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.046 (0.038–0.076)

< 0.01

< 0.01

NTM

54.0 (47.1–61.2)

0.02

0.03

2.2 (1.9–2.6)

< 0.01

< 0.01

472.2 (283.4–563.9)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.039 (0.032–0.048)

< 0.01

< 0.01

IIPs

47.9 (41.7–60.7)

0.02

N.S

2.4 (1.9–3.5)

< 0.01

< 0.01

496.0 (241.7–620.3)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.050 (0.036–0.067)

< 0.01

< 0.01

CTD

49.3 (41.5–59.3)

0.01

N.S

2.4 (1.6–3.2)

< 0.01

0.04

480.9 (289.2–663.4)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.051 (0.030–0.094)

< 0.01

< 0.01

COPD

51.6 (46.6–57.1)

0.02

N.S

2.2 (1.6–3.4)

< 0.01

0.03

365.8 (266.9–615.8)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.047 (0.027–0.079)

< 0.01

< 0.01

BA

61.0 (53.8–64.5)

 < 0.01

< 0.01

2.1 (2.0–2.6)

< 0.01

< 0.01

263.5 (226.0–377.4)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.039 (0.031–0.044)

< 0.01

< 0.01

HC

51.4 (47.0–57.4)

 < 0.01

< 0.01

1.4 (1.2–1.6)

< 0.01

< 0.01

210 (174.8–245.4)

< 0.01

< 0.01

0.028 (0.025–0.030)

< 0.01

< 0.01

  1. #Samples with missing KYN and TRP concentrations (one in the NSIP and recovery groups, respectively) were excluded from the statistical analyses
  2. Statistical differences between the two groups were examined using the Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction. The adjusted p-values are listed in table. N.S.: not significant
  3. DAD/DAD-mixed: DILD patients in acute phase with CT pattern of diffuse alveolar damage; OP: DILD patients in acute phase with CT pattern of organizing pneumonia; NISP: DILD patients in acute phase with CT pattern of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; Other: DILD patients in acute phase with CT pattern other than DAD; OP and NSIP, DILD recovery: patients recovered from DILD; DILD-tolerant: the patient group taking similar medications with DILD group but without DILD onset; BP: bacterial pneumonia; NTM: nontuberculous mycobacteriosis; IIPs: idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; CTD: lung disease associated with connective tissue disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BA: bronchial asthma; HC: healthy control