Fig. 1

Analyses workflow. To dissect the relationships between lung function and gastrointestinal tract diseases in the gut-lung axis, we first estimated the genetic correlation at both global and local scales. Second, we performed genome-wide pleiotropic analysis to identify shared loci. Subsequently, we deciphered the underlying biological mechanisms by colocalization analysis, S-LDSC, MAGMA gene property analysis, and drug database mining. Third, we examined causal relationships by epidemiologic study and bidirectional MR. LDSC, linkage disequilibrium score regression; S-LDSC, stratified LDSC; MR, Mendelian randomization. The image of gastrointestinal tract was downloaded from https://699pic.com/tupian-401760990.html