Table 3 Hazard ratios for time to the first non-fatal severe CV event together, or individually, or all-cause death, comparing exposed periods in the 365 days following a moderate or severe exacerbation of COPD to the non-exposure period
Time period | No. of first CV events of any type | Person years of follow-up | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted* HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Any non-fatal severe CV event | ||||
Unexposed period | 593 | 21,803 | 1 | 1 |
1–7 days | 54 | 98 | 25.9 (19.3–34.8) | 20.7 (14.7–29.2) |
8–14 days | 23 | 96 | 10.7 (6.9–16.5) | 8.6 (5.4–13.7) |
15–30 days | 23 | 204 | 5.2 (3.4–8.0) | 4.3 (2.7–6.8) |
31–180 days | 65 | 1376 | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) |
181–365 days | 39 | 1069 | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1) |
ACS | ||||
Unexposed period | 132 | 21,838 | 1 | 1 |
1–7 days | 12 | 99 | 15.2 (8.4–27.6) | 9.9 (5.0–19.4) |
8–14 days | 6 | 97 | 8.7 (3.8–20.2) | 7.7 (3.1–19.2) |
15–30 days | 8 | 208 | 6.1 (3.0–12.6) | 4.8 (2.1–10.6) |
31–180 days | 19 | 1394 | 2.3 (1.4–3.7) | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) |
181–365 days | 12 | 1084 | 1.7 (1.0–3.1) | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) |
HF decompensation | ||||
Unexposed period | 122 | 21,831 | 1 | 1 |
1–7 days | 31 | 98 | 42.0 (28.1–62.9) | 27.4 (17.3–43.4) |
8–14 days | 13 | 96 | 19.9 (11.0–36.2) | 12.9 (6.8–24.5) |
15–30 days | 11 | 206 | 8.6 (4.6–16.1) | 5.1 (2.7–9.9) |
31–180 days | 27 | 1385 | 3.5 (2.3–5.3) | 2.3 (1.4–3.6) |
181–365 days | 12 | 1078 | 2.1 (1.2–3.8) | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) |
Cerebral ischaemia | ||||
Unexposed period | 126 | 21,854 | 1 | 1 |
1–7 days | 4 | 99 | 4.6 (1.7–12.6) | 3.5 (1.2–10.6) |
8–14 days | 1 | 98 | 1.5 (0.2–10.6) | 1.1 (0.2–8.7) |
15–30 days | 4 | 209 | 3.0 (1.1–8.2) | 2.4 (0.8–7.2) |
31–180 days | 7 | 1399 | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) |
181–365 days | 11 | 1087 | 1.8 (1.0–3.4) | 1.5 (0.7–3.0) |
Arrhythmia | ||||
Unexposed period | 128 | 21.855 | 1 | 1 |
1–7 days | 10 | 99 | 9.7 (5.0–18.9) | 9.4 (4.4–20.2) |
8–14 days | 6 | 97 | 9.0 (3.9–20.6) | 8.8 (3.5–22.4) |
15–30 days | 5 | 208 | 3.7 (1.5–9.2) | 4.0 (1.5–10.6) |
31–180 days | 11 | 1396 | 1.4 (0.7–2.5) | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) |
181–365 days | 8 | 1085 | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) |
All-cause death | ||||
Unexposed period | 346 | 21,878 | 1 | 1 |
1–7 days | 37 | 99 | 14.1 (10.0–20.0) | 5.4 (3.6–7.9) |
8–14 days | 18 | 98 | 10.2 (6.3–16.5) | 4.3 (2.6–7.1) |
15–30 days | 39 | 209 | 11.3 (8.1–15.8) | 5.3 (3.7–7.6) |
31–180 days | 89 | 1401 | 3.9 (3.1–5.0) | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) |
181–365 days | 38 | 1090 | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) |