Table 4 Patient characteristics, management and outcomes according to biological sex
From: Impact of sex differences on cardiac injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19
Variables | Women (n = 51) | Men (n = 147) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | |||
 Age (years) | 68 (60–73) | 66 (57–73) | 0.68 |
 SAPS-2 | 43 (30–57) | 41 (31–59) | 0.99 |
 SOFA score on ICU admission | 6 (3–10) | 7 (3–10) | 0.34 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29 (26–34) | 28 (26–31) | 0.24 |
 Obesity, n (%) | 24 (47) | 54 (38) | 0.24 |
 Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 26 (51) | 77 (52) | 0.87 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 19 (37) | 42 (29) | 0.29 |
 Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 15 (29) | 37 (25) | 0.58 |
 Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 4 (8) | 20 (14) | 0.33 |
 Stroke, n (%) | 3 (6) | 6 (4) | 0.70 |
 Smokers, n (%) | 6 (12) | 27 (18) | 0.38 |
 Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | 40 (78) | 117 (80) | 0.84 |
 Chronic cardiac disease, n (%) | 2 (4) | 12 (8) | 0.52 |
 Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 5 (10) | 6 (4) | 0.15 |
 Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 2 (4) | 24 (16) | 0.03 |
 Neoplasia, n (%) | 13 (25) | 16 (11) | 0.02 |
 Immunosuppression, n (%) | 7 (14) | 15 (10) | 0.61 |
 Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers, n (%) | 15 (29) | 60 (41) | 0.18 |
Treatments on ICU admission | |||
 Corticosteroids, n (%) | 46 (90) | 125 (85) | 0.48 |
 Tocilizumab, n (%) | 14 (27) | 32 (22) | 0.44 |
 Antiviral drugs, n (%) | 2 (4) | 9 (6) | 0.73 |
 Low-dose thrombophylaxis, n (%) | 3 (6) | 14 (10) | 0.57 |
 Enhanced intermediate-dose thrombophylaxis, n (%) | 37 (72) | 101 (69) | 0.72 |
 Curative anticoagulation, n (%) | 11 (22) | 41 (28) | 0.46 |
Management during ICU stay | |||
 Neuromuscular blocker agents, n (%) | 32 (63) | 93 (63) | 0.87 |
 Prone positioning, n (%) | 27 (53) | 87 (59) | 0.51 |
 Venovenous ECMO, n (%) | 1 (2) | 7 (5) | 0.68 |
 Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 6 (12) | 30 (20) | 0.21 |
Delays and outcomes | |||
 From onset of symptoms to ICU admission ( days) | 7 (6–12) | 9 (6–11) | 0.35 |
 Cardiac injury, n (%) | 31 (61) | 88 (60) | 1.00 |
 Acute respiratory distress syndrome, n (%) | 34 (67) | 98 (67) | 1.00 |
 Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 7 (14) | 22 (15) | 1.00 |
 Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 19 (38) | 72 (49) | 0.19 |
 Disseminated intravascular coagulation, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.26 |
 Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (days) | 11 (6–17) | 19 (6–37) | 0.04 |
 ICU length of stay (days) | 9 (5–15) | 12 (6–30) | 0.03 |
 ICU mortality rate (n, %) | 9 (18) | 34 (23) | 0.55 |