Fig. 5

Histopathological and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis. a Representative haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of biopsies from the upper and lower lobes are shown for the treated and placebo groups. Scale bars in the larger images represent 0.1 mm and 0.05 mm in the callouts that show a magnified portion of the tissue. b Lung injury scoring by a blinded pathologist was generated for biopsies taken at the endpoints. c Alveolar wall thickening scores by a blinded pathologist are shown for biopsies taken at the endpoints. d Images of gross morphology for a treated and placebo lung (front and back view) at the endpoint of the experiment. e Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and the total cells/mL were measured for all individuals. f BALF immune cell counts were quantified across 200–300 cells per sample and grouped into relative percentages by mononuclear and multinuclear cells. Data are presented as mean with min and max. Statistically significant differences between groups were tested with two-sided Student’s T-test and within groups with ANOVA when data were normally distributed. The two-sided Mann–Whitney test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used when data were not normally distributed, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. All values represent the mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise stated