Fig. 1

HMGB1 promotes PASMC proliferation/migration, and induces ER stress activation, SIAH2 upregulation and HIPK2 downregulation. a Cells were incubated with HMGB1 for 24 h at concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 ng/ml. Cell viability was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay (n = 6 per group). b Cells were stimulated with 100 ng/ml HMGB1 for different times (0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h). Cell viability was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay (n = 6 per group). PASMCs were exposed to 100 ng/ml HMGB1 for 24 h. Cell proliferation was measured by EdU incorporation assay (scale bar = 250 μm) (c); Cell migration was measured by transwell assay (scale bar = 50 μm) (d); PERK, ATF4, SIAH2 and HIPK2 expression were measured using western blotting (e). For original blot images, see Additional file 1. *P < 0.05