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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants by intervention groups

From: Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in high risk pregnancy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Characteristics

CPAP group

N = 153

Usual-care group

N = 157

p value

Age (year), mean (SD)

32.9 ± 5.3

32.6 ± 5.1

0.553

Gestational age at enrollment (week), mean (SD)

11.18 ± 4.0

10.26 ± 3.14

0.908

Gestational age at randomization (week), mean (SD)

15.2 ± 4.8

14.5 ± 4.5

0.180

Nulliparous, no. (%)

49 (32.0)

56 (35.7)

0.498

Anthropometric measurement

   

 Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2)a, mean (SD)

29.2 ± 5.8

29.6 ± 5.5

0.546

 Body mass index at enrollment (kg/m2), mean (SD)

30.1 ± 5.9

30.4 ± 5.5

0.722

 Neck circumference (cm), mean (SD)

35.4 ± 3.3

35.4 ± 3.2

0.977

 Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD)

97.7 ± 12.6

97.7 ± 11.0

0.971

Type of inclusion criteriab, no. (%)

   

 Obesityc

99 (64.7)

111 (70.7)

0.259

 Chronic hypertension

27 (17.7)

23 (14.7)

0.473

  Pre-existing hypertension before pregnancy

25 (16.3)

21 (13.4)

0.463

  Hypertension occurring before 20 weeks of gestation

10 (6.5)

8 (5.1)

0.588

 History of preeclampsia in previous pregnancy

13 (8.5)

14 (8.9)

0.896

 History of gestational hypertension in previous pregnancy

3 (2.0)

4 (2.5)

0.728

 Known case of diabetes mellitus

12 (7.8)

13 (8.3)

0.888

 History of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancy

29 (19.0)

28 (17.8)

0.799

 Gestational diabetes detected early

72 (47.1)

70 (44.6)

0.662

Epworth Sleepiness Scaled, median (IQR)

8.5 (5.0, 11.0)

8.0 (5.0, 12.0)

0.093

Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 11, no., %

48 (31.4)

51 (32.5)

0.833

Report of frequent snoring ≥ 3 times/weeke, no. (%)

76 (49.7)

78 (49.7)

0.999

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

116.9 ± 1.3

116.0 ± 1.1

0.574

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

73.5 ± 0.9

73.9 ± 0.7

0.706

Mean blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

88.1 ± 0.8

88.1 ± 1.0

0.989

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL), mean (SD)

99.3 ± 28.1

101.4 ± 35.8

0.581

Hemoglobin A1C (mg/dL), mean (SD)

5.4 ± 0.8

5.6 ± 1.0

0.211

  1. CPAP continuous positive airway pressure; IQR interquartile range; SD standard deviation
  2. aBody-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2)
  3. bMedical history was self-reported and determined through a review of medical records
  4. cObesity is defined by pre-pregnancy body-mass index that is equal to or greater than 27.5 kg/m2 for Asian cut-off threshold
  5. dThe Epworth Sleepiness Scale ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater sleepiness; a score higher than 10 indicates pathologic sleepiness
  6. eSnoring was reported by the participants on a questionnaire
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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