Ambient fine particulate matter and allergic symptoms in the middle-aged and elderly population: results from the PIFCOPD study

Table 4 Associations between short-term PM_2.5 exposures and allergic symptoms in the PIFCOPD study population

	Mode 1		Model 2		Model 3
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Allergic nasal symptoms
Lag0 day	1.08 (1.06, 1.11)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.06, 1.12)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.05, 1.12)	< 0.001
Lag0–7 day	1.1 (1.06, 1.14)	< 0.001	1.11 (1.06, 1.16)	< 0.001	1.11 (1.06, 1.16)	< 0.001
Allergic eye symptoms
Lag0 day	1.08 (1.05, 1.10)	< 0.001	1.08 (1.05, 1.11)	< 0.001	1.08 (1.05, 1.11)	< 0.001
Lag0–7 day	1.13 (1.09, 1.16)	< 0.001	1.15 (1.11, 1.20)	< 0.001	1.16 (1.11, 1.20)	< 0.001
Worsening dyspnea caused by allergens
Lag0 day	1.07 (1.04, 1.10)	< 0.001	1.06 (1.02, 1.10)	0.002	1.06 (1.02, 1.10)	0.002
Lag0–7 day	1.09 (1.04, 1.13)	< 0.001	1.06 (1.00, 1.11)	0.049	1.06 (1.00, 1.12)	0.06
≥ 2 allergic symptoms
Lag0 day	1.07 (1.04, 1.10)	< 0.001	1.07 (1.04, 1.10)	< 0.001	1.07 (1.03, 1.11)	< 0.001
Lag0–7 day	1.09 (1.05, 1.13)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.03, 1.14)	0.001	1.09 (1.03, 1.14)	0.002

Effect estimates are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each 10 µg/m³ increase in the PM_2.5 concentration. Model 1, no adjustments; Model 2, adjusted for age, sex, education level (no schooling or primary school, middle school, high school, and college or higher), BMI (< 25 kg/m², 25–29.9 kg/m², ≥ 30 kg/m²), geographic region (north, east, northeast, northwest), ambient temperature (lag0 day, average on the day the allergic symptoms questionnaire was administered), the season in which the allergic symptoms questionnaire was administered (winter and summer, spring and autumn); Model 3, further adjusted for cumulative smoking exposure (0, 1–19, ≥ 20 pack-years), passive smoking, biomass exposure, household cooking, and occupational exposure. PM_2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm

ISSN: 1465-993X