Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of included patients
From: Worsening of asthma control after recovery from mild to moderate COVID-19 in patients from Hong Kong
COVID-19 (n = 111) | Non COVID-19 (n = 110) | Whole cohort (n = 221) | p-values^ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 56.6 ± 16.8 | 59.4 ± 15.2 | 58.0 ± 16.0 | 0.197 |
Age of asthma onset (years), mean ± SD | 27.1 ± 23.3 | 28.4 ± 22.2 | 27.8 ± 22.7 | 0.688 |
Gender | 0.675 | |||
Male | 42 (38.2%) | 39 (35.5%) | 81 (36.8%) | |
Female | 68 (61.8%) | 71 (64.5%) | 139 (63.2%) | |
Smoking status | 0.808 | |||
Non-smoker | 88 (79.3%) | 91 (82.7%) | 179 (81.0%) | |
Active smoker | 11 (9.9%) | 9 (8.2%) | 20 (9.0%) | |
Former smoker | 12 (10.8%) | 10 (9.1%) | 22 (10.0%) | |
Co-morbidities | ||||
Rhinosinusitis | 95 (85.6%) | 82 (74.5%) | 177 (80.1%) | 0.059 |
Atopic dermatitis | 41 (36.9%) | 45 (40.9%) | 86 (38.9%) | 0.545 |
GINA steps | 0.353 | |||
1 | 4 (3.6%) | 1 (0.9%) | 5 (2.3%) | |
2 | 13 (11.7%) | 9 (8.2%) | 22 (10.0%) | |
3 | 35 (31.5%) | 43 (39.1%) | 78 (35.3%) | |
4 | 35 (31.5%) | 39 (35.5%) | 74 (33.5%) | |
5 | 24 (21.6%) | 18 (16.4%) | 42 (19.0%) | |
Exacerbation required medical attendance in past 12 months before enrolment | 28 (25.2%) | 25 (22.7%) | 53 (24.0%) | 0.664 |
Exacerbation required systemic corticosteroid in past 12 months before enrolment | 22 (19.8%) | 21 (19.1%) | 43 (19.5%) | 0.891 |
Completion of COVID-19 vaccine (More than 2 doses for more than 14 days) | 96 (86.5%) | 102 (92.7%) | 198 (89.6%) | 0.129 |
Baseline FEV1 (L), mean ± SD | 2.08 ± 0.86 | 2.07 ± 0.76 | 2.08 ± 0.80 | 0.900 |
Baseline FEV1 (% predicted), mean ± SD | 87.2 ± 22.7 | 89.8 ± 23.9 | 88.6 ± 23.3 | 0.471 |
Baseline FVC (L), mean ± SD | 3.08 ± 1.00 | 3.11 ± 0.95 | 3.10 ± 0.97 | 0.866 |
Baseline FVC (% predicted), mean ± SD | 103.4 ± 18.9 | 115.8 ± 96.2 | 109.9 ± 71.2 | 0.231 |
Baseline FEV1 to FVC ratio, mean ± SD | 67.3 ± 15.4 | 66.7 ± 14.2 | 67.0 ± 14.7 | 0.788 |
Baseline eosinophil count (x cells/µL), mean ± SD | 312 ± 261 | 264 ± 230 | 288 ± 247 | 0.156 |
Serum IgE level, median [IQR] | 176.5 [94.5–731.5] | 148.5 [72–433.75] | 166.5 [85.25–529.75] | 0.488 |
ACT at immediate prior visit, mean ± SD | 20.0 ± 4.5 | 20.0 ± 3.5 | 20.0 ± 4.0 | 0.867 |
ACT at enrolment visit, mean ± SD | 17.5 ± 5.3 | 20.4 ± 3.9 | 19.0 ± 4.9 | < 0.001* |
Asthma control by ACT score at immediate prior visit | 0.549 | |||
Controlled | 67 (60.4%) | 64 (58.2%) | 131 (59.3%) | |
Partially controlled | 27 (24.3%) | 33 (30.0%) | 60 (27.1%) | |
Uncontrolled | 17 (15.3%) | 13 (11.8%) | 30 (13.6%) | |
Asthma control by ACT score at enrolment visit | 0.039* | |||
Controlled | 52 (46.8%) | 55 (50.0%) | 107 (48.4%) | |
Partially controlled | 37 (33.3%) | 46 (41.8%) | 83 (37.6%) | |
Uncontrolled | 22 (19.8%) | 9 (8.2%) | 31 (14.0%) | |
Change in ACT score over 12 months, mean ± SD | − 2.47 ± 4.96 | + 0.40 ± 3.46 | < 0.001* | |
> 3 points decrease in ACT score | 42 (37.8%) | 12 (12.7%) | 54 (24.4%) | < 0.001* |
Escalation of asthma maintenance therapy by at least 1 GINA step | 17 (15.3%) | 5 (4.5%) | 22 (10.0%) | 0.008* |