Fig. 3

SCD1 is needed for TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation. HFL1 cells were treated with TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) for 24 h in the presence of A939572 (25 μM). A–D The levels of fibronectin, COL1A1, α-SMA, and SCD1 in HFL1 cells were measured by western blotting. The relative changes in band densities were quantified. E–H Immunofluorescence staining of HFL1 cells with antibodies against fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA was captured by confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 μm. The fluorescence intensities were calculated (n = 5 images from each group were used for quantification). HFL1 cells were treated with siNC or siSCD1 for 48 h and then with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 24 h. I–M The levels of fibronectin, COL1A1, α-SMA, and SCD1 in HFL1 cells were measured by western blotting. The relative changes in band densities were quantified. N–Q Immunofluorescence staining of HFL1 cells with antibodies against fibronectin, collagen I and α-SMA. Scale bar, 10 μm. The fluorescence intensities were quantified (n = 5 images from each group were used for quantification). R–U HFL1 cells were treated with TGF‑β1 (10 ng/ml), A939572 (25 μM) and OA (0.3 mM) for 24 h, and the protein levels of fibronectin, COL1A1, α-SMA, and SCD1 in HFL1 cells were measured by western blotting. The relative changes in band densities were detected. The data are representative of three independent experiments and are presented as the means ± SEMs. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001, as determined by one-way ANOVA with the Tukey‒Kramer post hoc test