Higher circulating Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with worse severity and prognosis in pulmonary hypertension: a cohort study

Table 3 Multivariate Cox analysis of TMAO and prognosis in patients with PH

Variable	HR	95% CI	P value
Model 1
TMAO (categorical variable)	5.414	2.305–12.719	< 0.001
WHO-FC	1.246	0.529–2.935	0.615
RVD	1.016	0.970–1.064	0.503
TAPSE	0.987	0.907–1.075	0.764
Risk stratification	1.012	0.537–1.907	0.970
Prostacyclins	1.182	0.525–2.661	0.687
BPA/PEA	0.142	0.048–0.419	< 0.001
PH subtypes	1.954	1.110–3.439	0.020
Model 2
TMAO (continuous variable)	1.126	1.028–1.234	0.011
WHO–FC	1.758	0.764–4.046	0.185
RVD	1.019	0.972–1.067	0.435
TAPSE	0.967	0.887–1.056	0.456
Risk stratification	0.925	0.502–1.704	0.803
Prostacyclins	1.166	0.526–2.582	0.705
BPA/PEA	0.120	0.038–0.381	< 0.001
PH subtypes	2.528	1.362–4.692	0.003

TMAO trimethylamine-N-oxide; WHO-FC world health organization function class; RVD right ventricular diameter; TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; BPA balloon pulmonary angioplasty; PEA pulmonary endarterectomy; PH pulmonary hypertension

ISSN: 1465-993X