Higher circulating Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with worse severity and prognosis in pulmonary hypertension: a cohort study

Table 2 The associations between TMAO and disease severity in pulmonary hypertension

Logistics analysis	OR	95% CI	P
Model 1: WHO-FC
Unadjusted	2.839	1.384–5.820	0.004
Adjusted	2.472	1.076–5.678	0.033
Model 2: NT-proBNP
Unadjusted	2.659	1.398–5.057	0.003
Adjusted	2.572	1.184–5.588	0.017
Model 3: TAPSE
Unadjusted	3.517	1.832–6.754	< 0.001
Adjusted	3.180	1.448–6.981	0.004
Model 4: Mixed venous oxygen saturation
Unadjusted	3.257	1.264–8.390	0.014
Adjusted	3.806	1.050–13.789	0.042
Model 5: Risk stratification (low risk vs. non-low risk)
Unadjusted	2.439	1.293–4.600	0.006
Adjusted	2.564	1.229–5.351	0.012

Linear regression analysis	β	95% CI	P
Model 6: Cardiac index
Unadjusted	− 0.217	− 0.802 to − 0.141	0.005
Adjusted	− 0.257	− 0.879 to − 0.177	0.003
Model 7: PVR
Unadjusted	0.222	0.654–4.908	0.011
Adjusted	0.359	1.985–6.477	< 0.001

Adjusted for sex, BMI, RVD, creatinine, and hypertension
TMAO was put into the models as a categorical variable with boundary of 1.69 umol/L
NT-proBNP, TAPSE, and mixed venous oxygen saturation were converted into categorical variables with boundaries of 300 pg/mL, 18 mm, and 65%, respectively
Logistics or linear regression analysis was used for analysis
TMAO trimethylamine-N-oxide; CI confidence interval; WHO-FC world health organization function class; NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; PVR pulmonary vascular resistance; BMI body mass index; RVD right ventricular diameter

ISSN: 1465-993X