Associations of symptoms of anxiety and depression with health-status, asthma control, dyspnoea, dysfunction breathing and obesity in people with severe asthma

Table 4 Multiple logistic regression model for symptoms of depression (Model B)

Clinical characteristic determinants of psychological distress
	Simple Logistic regression	Multivariate logistic regression (Adjusted) r²⁼0.26

Clinical characteristic determinants of Depression model (B)
Clinical characteristic	OR (95% CI)	p-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p-value
Sex (female)	2.42 (1.03, 5.71)	0.04	1.19 (0.37, 3.81)	0.77
Age (year)	0.98 (0.96, 1.01)	0.21	1.01 (0.96, 1.06)	0.76
Dyspnoea (mMRC, score)	2.00 (1.41, 2.87)	< 0.01	1.90 (1.10, 3.25)	0.02
Dysfunctional breathing (Nijmegen, score)	1.07 (1.03, 1.11)	< 0.01	1.02 (0.95, 1.08)	0.60
Systemic inflammation (hs-CRP, mg/L)	1.13 (1.04, 1.23)	< 0.01	1.09 (0.99, 1.20)	0.08
Exercise tolerance (6MWD, metres)	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	0.16	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.68
Obesity (BMI, kg/m²)	1.04 (0.98, 1.10)	0.19	1.00 (0.92, 1.10)	0.94
Asthma control (ACQ, score)	1.45 (1.07, 1.22)	< 0.01	1.11 (0.98, 1.25)	0.11
Asthma Quality of Life (AQLQ, score)	0.51 (0.35, 0.75)	< 0.01	1.05 (0.44, 2.51)	0.91

Simple logistic regression was performed to identify multivariate characteristics (p < 0.2). Additional variables such as asthma control, quality of life, age and sex were additionally added to the models as they were considered clinically relevant to the outcome. mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council), hs-CRP (High sensitivity-C-Reactive Protein), 6MWD (6- Minute Walk Distance), BMI (Body Mass Index), ACQ (Asthma Control Questionnaire), AQLQ (Juniper Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire). Bold font indicates significant p-value < 0.05

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