Table 2 Themes evident in included studies
Author, year, journal | 1. Ali et al. 2015, BMJ Open (37) | 2. Carter-Harris et al. 2017a, Family Practice [38] | 3. Carter-Harris et al. 2017b, Health Expectations [39] | 4. Delmerico et al. 2014, Lung Cancer (40) | 5. Draucker et al. 2019, Health Expectations [41] | 6. Greene et al. 2019, Journal of Cancer Education [42] | 7. Jonnalagada et al. 2012, Lung Cancer [43] | 8. Lowenstein 2019, Lung Cancer [44] | 9. Percac-Lima et al. 2019, Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health [45] | 10. Quaife et al. 2017, Health Expectations [46] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Themes and sub-themes | |||||||||||
1. Low awareness of lung screening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
1.1. Awareness of early detection message | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
2. Enthusiasm for lung screening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
3. Barriers to lung screening | |||||||||||
3.1. Concerns about the test itself | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
3.2. Fear of a cancer diagnosis/ cancer worry | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
3.3. Fatalism | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
3.4. Fear of invasive procedures | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
3.5. Mistrust of health professionals or services | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
3.6. Perceived risk of lung cancer (also potential facilitator) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
3.7. Smoking-related stigma | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
3.8. Practical barriers | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
4.0. Facilitators or suggestions to improve uptake | |||||||||||
4.1. Being health conscious | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
4.2. Provider recommendation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
4.3. Motivation to quit smoking | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
4.4. Seeking reassurance | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Author, year, journal | 11. Quaife et al. 2018, BMC Cancer [47] | 12. Raju et al. 2020, Clinical Lung Cancer [48] | 13. Raz et al. 2019, Clinical Lung Cancer [49] | 14. Roth et al. 2018, PLoS One [50] | 15. Schiffelbein et al. 2020, Journal of Primary Care and Community Health [51] | 16. Schnoll et al. 2003, Lung Cancer [52] | 17. See et al. 2020, ERJ Open Research [53] | 18. Smits et al. 2018, Health Expectations [54] | 19. Stephens et al. 2019, Lung [55] | 20. Tonge et al. 2019, Health Expectations [56] | 21. Simmons et al. 2017, Lung Cancer [57] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Themes and sub-themes | ||||||||||||
1. Low awareness of lung screening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
1.1. Awareness of early detection message | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
2. Enthusiasm for lung screening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
3. Barriers to lung screening | ||||||||||||
3.1. Concerns about the test itself | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
3.2. Fear of a cancer diagnosis/ cancer worry | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
3.3. Fatalism | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
3.4. Fear of invasive procedures | ✓ | |||||||||||
3.5. Mistrust of health professionals or services | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
3.6. Perceived risk of lung cancer (also potential facilitator) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
3.7. Smoking-related stigma | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
3.8. Practical barriers | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
4.0. Facilitators or suggestions to improve uptake | ||||||||||||
4.1. Being health conscious | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
4.2. Provider recommendation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
4.3. Motivation to quit smoking | ✓ | |||||||||||
4.4. Seeking reassurance | ✓ |