Table 1 Main clinical characteristics of each group

Age, years

56.5 ± 17.5

62.0 ± 18.6

48.2 ± 19.2

60.2 ± 15.7

52.1 ± 16.3

 < 0.0001^{a = **/c = **}

Sex (Male), %

67

65.5

59.8

71.3

65.4

0.0001 ^{b= **}

BMI

24.8 ± 4.8

23.9 ± 4.9

23.5 ± 4.1

25.2 ± 4.9

25.2 ± 4.8

 < 0.0001^{b = **/c = **}

Days of onset

5.74 ± 4.0

4.35 ± 3.8

4.64 ± 3.3

6.29 ± 4.1

6.18 ± 4.0

 < 0.0001^{b = **/c = **}

Smoker, %

14.8

12.2

16.2

13.3

17.5

0.0090^{c = **}

Hypertension, %

33.5

41.3

21

40.4

25.8

 < 0.0001^{a = **/c = **}

Diabetes, %

21

22.2

15.2

25.8

16.8

 < 0.0001 ^{a = **/c = **}

Cardiovascular disorders, %

10.2

13.7

4.9

13

6.9

 < 0.0001 ^{a = **/c = **}

COPD, %

4.1

3.9

3.1

5.7

2.8

0.0031

Chronic kidney disease, %

7

9.4

4.6

8.8

4.4

 < 0.0001^{a = */c = **}

Cancer, %

6.6

9.4

5.2

5.8

6.4

0.0175^{a = */b = **/c = *}

Hyperuricemia, %

9.9

11.2

7.3

10.8

9.1

0.1456

Chronic liver disease, %

4.3

4.8

3.1

4.6

4.2

0.6131

Asthma, %

7.2

5.3

5.8

7.6

8.2

0.1056

Fever, %

80.7

72.3

71.5

81.7

86.7

 < 0.0001^{b = **/c = **}

WBC (/μL)

5771.8 ± 2873.8

5560.0 ± 2495.1

5371.8 ± 2604.4

6266.3 ± 3406.3

5466.4 ± 2399.6

 < 0.0001^{b = **}

Neutrophil (/μL)

4584.2 ± 10,509.2

3916.2 ± 2282.4

3648.2 ± 2204.4

5530.7 ± 1494.3

4190.8 ± 4190.8

0.0013^{b = **}

Lymphocytes (/μL)

1145.2 ± 2342.1

1126.0 ± 556.0

1250.0 ± 595.8

1127.0 ± 3326.0

1145.3 ± 1920.1

0.8689

Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio

6.13 ± 17.0

4.85 ± 7.0

3.64 ± 3.6

7.27 ± 11.0

6.29 ± 25.9

0.0018 ^{b = *}

Eosinophil (/μL)

42.3 ± 184.9

57.1 ± 153.5

58.2 ± 188.7

36.8 ± 258.9

36.1 ± 65.5

0.0429

AST (IU/L)

43.0 ± 58.5

38.9 ± 76.9

36.1 ± 98.5

47.1 ± 49.1

42.7 ± 37.3

0.0040^{b = *}

ALT (IU/L)

39.6 ± 71.5

32.9 ± 38.2

39.9 ± 190.5

42.1 ± 45.9

40.4 ± 38.5

0.0755^{b = *}

T-B (mg/dL)

0.7 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.4

0.7 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.5

0.6 ± 0.3

0.1603

γ-GTP (IU/L)

69.0 ± 87.5

55.7 ± 67.5

47.5 ± 63.1

75.7 ± 90.1

74.7 ± 97.5

 < 0.0001^{b = **/c = **}

Alb (mg/dL)

3.7 ± 0.6

3.8 ± 0.6

4.1 ± 0.5

3.5 ± 0.6

3.8 ± 0.6

 < 0.0001^{a = **/b = **}

BUN (mg/dL)

16.9 ± 11.8

18.1 ± 12.8

14.4 ± 8.8

18.9 ± 13.1

14.9 ± 9.9

 < 0.0001^{a = **/c = **}

Cr (mg/dL)

1.1 ± 1.3

1.1 ± 1.6

1.0 ± 1.7

1.1 ± 1.4

1.0 ± 1.0

0.0220^{c = *}

LDH (IU/L)

292.2 ± 153.2

255.9 ± 131.1

222.6 ± 91.5

333.8 ± 176.0

286.3 ± 138.2

 < 0.0001^{a = **/b = **/c = **}

UA (mg/dL)

4.9 ± 1.8

5.2 ± 1.9

4.8 ± 1.7

4.9 ± 1.9

4.7 ± 1.6

0.0002^{a = **/c = **}

HbA1c (%)

6.4 ± 1.3

6.3 ± 1.4

6.0 ± 1.0

6.6 ± 1.4

6.2 ± 1.2

 < 0.0001^{a = */b = **}

CRP (mg/dL)

5.7 ± 27.7

3.8 ± 5.1

2.7 ± 4.0

6.8 ± 6.9

6.4 ± 46.5

0.0286

Procalcitonin (ng/mL)

0.6 ± 17.2

0.2 ± 1.1

0.2 ± 0.8

1.4 ± 28.5

0.2 ± 0.6

0.3982

D-dimer (μg/mL)

2.2 ± 7.9

2.3 ± 8.4

1.2 ± 2.1

3.1 ± 11.0

1.4 ± 3.5

 < 0.0001

Ferritin (ng/mL)

628.0 ± 760.1

518.0 ± 880.4

390.9 ± 497.7

758.1 ± 768.4

611.2 ± 722.5

 < 0.0001^{b = **}

BNP (pg/mL)

54.8 ± 287.4

55.5 ± 146.3

21.8 ± 51.3

89.1 ± 436.1

25.0 ± 91.4

0.0004

KL-6 (IU/L)

328.7 ± 326.3

300.9 ± 337.6

235.1 ± 116.2

393.5 ± 402.2

299.1 ± 249.1

 < 0.0001^{a = */b = **}