Fig. 2

Comparison of comorbidities prevalence between Young COPD and control subjects. The figure shows only those comorbidities with at least 2% prevalence. An asterisk (*) denotes that the difference between the disease’s prevalence in the two groups is statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, and cumulative smoking. § In the COPD groups, asthma diagnosis was accounted for those recruited after 2010, as it was an exclusion criterion in the initial BODE cohort protocol. Substance use disorder comprise alcohol, hallucinogens, stimulants, sedatives and/or opioids use. AAA Abdominal aortic aneurism, BPH Benign prostatic hypertrophy, CA cancer, CAD Coronary artery disease, CHF congestive heart failure, CRF chronic renal failure, CTD connective tissue disorders, CVA cerebro-vascular accident, DJD Degenerative joint disease, DVT deep venous thrombosis, GERD gastro-esophageal reflux disease, OSA obstructive sleep apnea, PAD peripheral artery disease, PH pulmonary hypertension