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Table 1 Characteristics of LSC subjects with and without ever WS exposure for over a year

From: Wood smoke exposure affects lung aging, quality of life, and all-cause mortality in New Mexican smokers

Variable

WS exposure for over a year

P

Ever

Never

N

684

1688

 

Baseline variables

   

 Age (year, mean ± SD)

55.3 ± 9.0

56.7 ± 9.5

0.0013*

 Male sex (n, %)

188 (27.5)

438 (26.0)

0.44†

 Ethnicity (n, %)

  

 < 0.0001†

  NHW

457 (66.8)

1286 (76.2)

 

  Hispanic

165 (24.1)

271 (16.1)

 

  Other ethnicities

62 (9.1)

131 (7.8)

 

  Current smoker (n, %)

425 (62.1)

957 (56.7)

0.015†

  Packyears (median, IQR)

35.5 (26.8–48.5)

34.5 (25.5–48.5)

0.35‡

  Time since quit (year, median, IQR)

6.3 (2.2–15.4)

9.4 (3.5–18.3)

0.0026‡

  College education (n, %)††

450 (66.0)

1190 (70.7)

0.024†

  Annual income ≥ 30 K (n, %)‡‡

248 (44.6)

684 (52.2)

0.0034†

  FEV1 (L/s, mean ± SD)

2.54 ± 0.77

2.59 ± 0.76

0.21*

  FVC (L, mean ± SD)

3.51 ± 0.94

3.53 ± 0.95

0.73*

  FEV1/FVC ratio (%, mean ± SD)

72.3 ± 11.3

73.4 ± 10.2

0.024*

  Airway obstruction (n, %)

215 (31.4)

442 (26.2)

0.0097†

  CMH (n, %)

222 (32.4)

398 (23.5)

 < 0.0001†

  Sputum MI (median, IQR)§

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

0.90‡

  Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 1 (n, %)

412 (60.2)

819 (48.5)

 < 0.0001†

 HRQoL: SF-36 (mean ± SD, % with score 100)

   

  Physical functioning

71.0 ± 27.3, 15.5||

78.1 ± 24.1, 22.1

 < 0.0001*

  Role physical

67.8 ± 40.5, 55.9||

79.1 ± 35.0, 69.1

 < 0.0001*

  Bodily pain

61.6 ± 26.2, 17.4||

68.8 ± 24.8, 24.9

 < 0.0001*

  Role emotional

69.7 ± 41.7, 61.7||

77.1 ± 38.5, 71.3

 < 0.0001*

  Social functioning

75.5 ± 27.2, 41.8||

82.2 ± 24.4, 52.7

 < 0.0001*

  Mental health

70.1 ± 20.2, 3.2**

74.9 ± 19.4, 5.3

 < 0.0001*

  Vitality

51.1 ± 23.8, 1.3

57.5 ± 21.9, 1.9

 < 0.0001*

  General health perceptions

61.8 ± 22.6, 3.7

68.7 ± 21.1, 4.9

 < 0.0001*

 HRQoL: SGRQ (mean ± SD, % with score 0)

   

  Symptom

39.1 ± 24.9, 5.3||

28.1 ± 22.2, 11.9

 < 0.0001*

  Activity

38.1 ± 25.9, 8.5||

29.2 ± 24.5, 16.1

 < 0.0001*

  Impact

16.2 ± 16.2, 18.7||

10.3 ± 13.4, 35.6

 < 0.0001*

  Total

27.8 ± 19.54, 1.0||

19.6 ± 17.0, 4.3

 < 0.0001*

Longitudinal data

   

 # Spirometry (median, IQR)

3 (1.5–6)

4 (2–7)

0.0008‡

 Duration in cohort (year, median, IQR)

3.6 (0.5–8.5)

4.6 (1.4–9.6)

0.0013‡

 # SGRQ (median, IQR)

2 (1–5)

2 (1–6)

0.12‡

 # Death by 2020 (n, %)

108 (15.8)

272 (16.1)

0.85†

 Age at death (year, mean ± SD)

69.3 ± 10.3

72.8 ± 10.2

0.0029*

Primary cause of death (n, %)

  

0.90†

 Cardio pulmonary diseases

41 (38.0)

114 (41.9)

 

 Cancers

35 (32.4)

84 (30.9)

 

 Other causes

32 (29.6)

74 (27.2)

 

 Lung cancer incidence (n, %)

22 (3.2)

50 (3.0)

0.74†

 Age at LC diagnosis (year, mean ± SD)

68.6 ± 8.2

69.9 ± 8.2

0.56*

  1. CMH chronic mucous hypersecretion, HRQoL health related quality of life, IRQ inter quartile range, NHW non-Hispanic white, SD standard deviation, SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory questionnaire, MI methylation index, WS woodsmoke
  2. *Student t test. Age at death was missing for one subject with ever WS exposure
  3. †Chi-square test
  4. ‡Wilcoxon rank sum test
  5. §Sputum MI is available in 521 subjects with ever WS exposure for over a year and 1280 subjects without
  6. ||Chi-square test, P < 0.0001, compared to never WS exposure
  7. **Chi-square test, P = 0.028, compared to never WS exposure
  8. ††Missing education for 2 subjects with ever and 5 subjects with never WS exposure
  9. ‡‡Missing income for 128 subjects with ever and 373 subjects with never WS exposure
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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