Table 1 Clinical and Sleep Characteristics of OSA Subjects (n = 5748) according to CC

Demographic and clinical characteristics

 Men, n (%)

1739 (82.22)

591 (77.56)

1148 (84.85)^###

3074 (84.61)*

 In man, n (%)

1739/4813 (36.13)

591/4813 (12.28)

1148/4813 (23.85)^###

3074/4813 (63.87)***

 In women, n (%)

376/935 (40.21)

171/935 (18.29)

205/935 (21.92)^##

559/935 (59.79)***

Age, yrs

44 (36–54)

43 (35–54)

45 (36–54)

43 (35–53)**

BMI, kg/m2

26.47 (24.51–28.73)

25.71 (23.72–27.72)

26.98 (25.06–29.29)^###

27.51 (25.15–30.03)***

NC, cm

40 (37–41)

38.50 (36–41)

40 (38–42)^###

40 (38–42.50)***

WC, cm

95 (90–101)

92.5 (88–98)

97 (91–103)^###

98 (92–105)***

HC, cm

100 (96–105)

99 (95–103)

101 (97–106)^###

103 (98–108)***

WHR

0.94 (0.90–0.98)

0.94 (0.90–0.97)

0.95 (0.92–0.99)^###

0.96 (0.91–0.99)***

SBP, mmHg

120 (118–132)

120 (120–125)

123 (120–135)^###

123 (120–136)***

DBP, mmHg

80 (77–85)

80 (79–80)

80 (76–85)^#

80 (78–89)***

Hypertension, n (%)

549 (25.96)

166 (21.78)

383 (28.31)^#

1021 (28.10)*

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

185 (8.75)

59 (7.74)

126 (9.31)

300 (8.26)

CVD, n (%)

150 (7.09)

46 (6.04)

104 (7.69)

301 (8.29)

MS, n (%)

372 (17.59)

110 (14.44)

262 (19.36)^#

645 (17.75)***

Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

369 (17.45)

106 (13.91)

263 (19.44)

631 (17.37)

Smoking, n (%)

470 (22.22)

165 (21.65)

305 (22.54)

685 (18.11)**

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

951 (44.96)

337 (44.23)

614 (45.38)

2077 (57.17)***

Snoring score, point

6 (5–8)

6 (4–8)

7 (5–9)^###

7 (5–9)***

ESS, point

7 (3–11)

7 (3–11)

7 (3–12)

9 (4–14)***

EDS, n (%)

615 (29.08)

198 (25.98)

418 (30.89)

1418 (39.03)***

Biochemical indicators

 Fasting glucose, mmol/L

5.25 (4.89–5.74)

5.16 (4.86–5.60)

5.29 (4.91–5.81)^###

5.35 (4.97–5.95)***

 Glucose 120 min, mmol/L

8.54 (6.28–11.84)

8 (6.02–11.84)

8.58 (6.48–11.90)

7.78 (6.29–11.47)

 Fasting insulin, µU/mL

10.74 (7.23–15.47)

9.61 (6.54–13.61)

11.33 (7.83–16.65)^###

12.68 (8.43–18.57)***

 Insulin 120 min, µU/mL

64.15 (39.35–119.50)

60.80 (34.72–134.23)

66.97 (40.52–115.75)

71.49 (45.42–131)*

HOMA-IR

2.35 (1.49–3.65)

2.14 (1.36–3.21)

2.53 (1.58–4.03)^###

2.88 (1.72–4.54)***

TC, mmol/L

4.71 (4.16–5.33)

4.64 (4.12–5.28)

4.75 (4.19–5.36)^#

4.81 (4.22–5.44)**

TG, mmol/L

1.63 (1.15–2.33)

1.49 (1.06–2.07)

1.71 (1.20–2.45)^###

1.74 (1.22–2.52)***

HDL, mmol/L

1.02 (0.90–1.18)

1.06 (0.90–1.23)

1.01 (0.90–1.15)^###

1 (0.87–1.15)***

LDL, mmol/L

2.94 (2.45–3.46)

2.92 (2.40–3.40)

2.96 (2.48–3.50)

2.98 (2.47–3.53)

ApoA-1, g/L

1.05 (0.94–1.18)

1.07 (0.95–1.19)

1.04 (0.94–1.17)

1.05 (0.95–1.18)

ApoB, g/L

0.84 (0.73–0.97)

0.82 (0.71–0.95)

0.85 (0.74–0.98)^###

0.87 (0.75–1)***

ApoE, mg/dL

4.27 (3.46–5.26)

4.10 (3.37–5.12)

4.35 (3.51–5.38)^##

4.40 (3.58–5.58)***

Lp (α), mg/dL

7.70 (3.90–16.10)

8.60 (4.20–18.70)

7.20 (3.80–14.70)^##

7.20 (3.80–15.35)

ApoA/ApoB

1.26 (1.05–1.51)

1.30 (1.09–1.58)

1.24 (1.04–1.48)^###

1.22 (1.03–1.46)***

PSG

 Mild OSA, n (%)

575 (27.19)

449 (58.92)

126 (9.31^)###

516 (14.21)***

 Moderate OSA, n (%)

633 (29.93)

203 (26.64)

430 (31.78)^###

540 (14.86)***

 Severe OSA, n (%)

701 (33.14)

90 (11.81)

611 (45.16)^###

970 (26.70)***

 Extreme severe OSA, n (%)

206 (9.74)

20 (2.62)

186 (13.75)^###

1607 (44.23)***

AHI, events/h

25.80 (14.30–41.30)

12.55 (7.90–22.03)

34.30 (22.55–46.20)^###

50.60 (25.30–66.75)***

OAHI, events/h

11.35 (4.75–22.37)

5.22 (2.33–10.74)

16.19 (8.35–26.89)^###

26.07 (10.32–44.20)***

Longest time of obstructive respiratory event, second

45 (32.50–59)

36.50 (25.50–51)

49.50 (37–62.50)^###

57 (42–71)***

AHIREM, events/h

31.10 (12.20–51.40)

16 (5.60–33.70)

40 (21.40–56.40)^###

51.40 (30–64.50)***

AHINREM, events/h

25.20 (12.95–42.40)

12.30 (7.03–22.68)

33.60 (20.70–47.05)^###

49.80 (23–67.20)***

Supine AHI, events/h

42.1 (24.40–60.30)

21.40 (12.48–35.55)

53.20 (38.10–65.70)^###

41.40 (5.90–67.50)***

Non-supine AHI, events/h

7.80 (3.20–16.70)

2.26 (1.17–3.46)

13.42 (8.30–21.88)^###

46.35 (24.57–64.04)***

ODI, events/h

26.20 (13.70–41.80)

13 (8–23.25)

33.90 (22.30–48.10)^###

49.80 (23.80–68.45)***

Mean SaO2, %

95 (94–96)

96 (94–96)

94 (93–95)^###

94 (91–95)***

LSaO2, %

82 (75–87)

86 (81–89)

80 (72–84)^###

74.50 (64–82)***

CT90, % TST

2.84 (0.76–7.97)

0.92 (0.23–3.42)

4.48 (1.54–10.31)^###

9.61 (2.23–27.53)***

TST, min

411.50 (347.48–452.50)

410 (347–453)

413.50 (347.45–452.50)

425 (372–470.50)***

Supine Time, % TST

73.39 (46.57–84.56)

72 (49.79–83.75)

73.77 (44.17–85.05)

75.89 (38.43–85.85)

Sleep efficiency, %

94.52 (87.07–98.64)

94.47 (86.50–98.85)

94.59 (87.50–98.50)

96.12 (88.81–99.33)***

N1, % TST

16 (8.50–24.50)

14.50 (7.30–23.63)

16.40 (8.80–25.55)^##

15.40 (7.10–25.90)

N2, % TST

50.90 (38.10–59.40)

50.70 (38.48–59.10)

51 (37.75–59.65)

51.30 (37.70–61.50)

SWS, % TST

12.50 (5.60–19.50)

13.30 (6.38–20.40)

11.90 (5.30–19.20)^#

10.80 (3.40–20.10)**

REM, % TST

10.40 (5.90–15)

10.80 (6.07–15.20)

10.30 (5.65–14.90)

9.80 (5.70–14.20)*

MAI, events/h

21.70 (12.60–34.60)

18.20 (11.10–28.30)

24.40 (14–37.90)^###

27.30 (14.90–49.40)***

Components of ArTH score

AHI < 30 events/h, n (%)

1208 (57.12)

652 (85.56)

556 (41.09)^###

1056 (29.07)***

LSaO2 > 82.5%, n (%)

989 (46.76)

503 (66.01)

486 (35.92)^###

891 (24.53)***

Proportion of hypopneas > 58.3%, n (%)

660 (31.21)

301 (39.50)

359 (26.53)^###

740 (20.37)***

Absolute fraction of hypopnoeas, %

40 (17.31–64.77)

47.17 (22.24–73.72)

35.85 (15.48–60.25)^###

27.02 (8.20–51.98)***

ArTH Score, cmH2O

− 16.44 (− 21.62− [-11.78])

− 12.43 (− 16.80− [− 8.49])

− 18.53 (− 23.58− [− 14.18])^###

-23.66 (-30.84-[-16.17])***

Proportion with ArTH score ≥ 2, n (%)

973 (46)

542 (71.13)

431 (31.86)^###

830 (22.85)***

In male, n (%)

750/1739 (43.13)

410/591 (69.37)

340/1148 (29.62)^###

616/3074 (20.04)***

In female, n (%)

223/376 (59.31)

132/171 (77.19)

91/205 (44.39)^###

214/559 (38.28)***