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Table 2 Characteristics of the studies selected for the meta-analysis (the samples origin continent: Asia, America, or Europe; type of samples: bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), sputum, sputum (induced), lower airways (LA), upper airways (UA); the NGS sequencing method: 454 pyrosequencing for Pyrosequencing such as 454 FLX (Roche\(^{{{\copyright }}}\)), Illumina for bridge amplification such as MiSeq or HiSeq (Illumina\(^{{{\copyright }}}\)), 454 pyrosequencing/Illumina for combined methods, PacBio/Illumina for long read sequencing such as PacBio (Pacific Biosciences\(^{{{\copyright }}}\)) combined with Illumina, Other for the other combinations; the use of rarefaction analysis: YES or NO/NC (no or not stated clearly); the taxonomic level used: OTU or Genus (for OTU clustered at genus level); ASVs- vs

From: The respiratory microbiota alpha-diversity in chronic lung diseases: first systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Disease

Continent

Type of sample

NGS sequencing

Rarefaction

Level

ASV method

Design

\(n_{0}\)

\(n_{1}\)

Score

Goleva et al. [28]

Asthma

America

BAL

454 pyrosequencing

YES

Genus

NO ASV

Case-control

12

39

6

Denner et al. [29]

Asthma

America

BAL

Illumina

YES

Genus

NO ASV

Case-control

19

39

6

Sverrild et al. [30]

Asthma

Europe

BAL

Illumina

NO/NC

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

10

23

5

Liu et al. [31]

Asthma

Asia

Sputum

Other

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

29

116

6

Li et al. [32]

Asthma

Asia

Sputum (induced)

454 pyrosequencing

NO/NC

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

15

24

6

         

15

25

 
         

24

25

 

Marri et al. [33]

Asthma

America

Sputum (induced)

454 pyrosequencing

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

10

10

4

Huang et al. [34]

Asthma

Asia

Sputum (induced)

Illumina

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

16

22

6

Munck et al. [35]

Asthma

Europe

Sputum (induced)

454 pyrosequencing

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

20

44

6

Park et al. [36]

Asthma

Asia

UA

454 pyrosequencing

YES

Genus

NO ASV

Case-control

12

18

5

Lee et al. [20]

Asthma

Asia

UA

454 pyrosequencing/

NO/NC

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

20

59

6

    

Illumina

       

Erb-Downward et al. [37]

COPD

America

BAL

454 pyrosequencing

NO/NC

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

10

4

5

Pragman et al. [38]

COPD

America

BAL

454 pyrosequencing

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

10

22

5

Einarsson et al. [39]

COPD

Europe

LA

Illumina

NO/NC

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

19

18

6

Kim et al. [40]

COPD

Asia

LA

454 pyrosequencing

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

13

13

6

Feigelman et al. [25]

COPD

Europe

Sputum

Illumina

NO/NC

Genus

ASV

Case-control

4

4

5

Millares et al. [41]

COPD

Europe

Sputum

454 pyrosequencing

NO/NC

OTU

NO ASV

Cross-sectional

8

8

4

Wang et al. [21]

COPD

Asia

Sputum (induced)

PacBio/Illumina

YES

OTU

ASV

Case-control

27

98

6

Park et al. [36]

COPD

Asia

UA

454 pyrosequencing

YES

Genus

NO ASV

Case-control

12

17

5

Pletcher et al. [42]

CF

America

LA

Illumina

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

17

9

5

Soret et al. [43]

CF

Europe

Sputum

454 pyrosequencing

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Case-control

16

17

5

Narayanamurthy et al. [44]

CF

America

Sputum

Illumina

NO/NC

Genus

NO ASV

Case-control

8

16

5

Filkins et al. [26]

CF

America

Sputum

454 pyrosequencing

NO/NC

Genus

NO ASV

Cross-sectional

22

13

6

Coburn et al. [45]

CF

America

Sputum

Illumina

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Cross-sectional

100

27

6

Carmody et al. [27]

CF

America

Sputum

454 pyrosequencing

YES

OTU

NO ASV

Self-controlled

34

34

6

Byun et al. [46]

NCFB

Asia

BAL

Other

NO/NC

Genus

NO ASV

Cross-sectional

8

6

3

  1. OTUs-based approaches: ASV or No ASV; the study design; control group sample size (\(n_{0}\)); case group sample size (\(n_{1}\)); and the quality score)