Fig. 3

Evolution of anti-GM-CSF autoantibody levels and neutralizing activity (EC₅₀). A Patient with autoimmune PAP receiving rituximab pulses and lung transplantation. B Patient treated for a disseminated Nocardia infection who developed PAP 5 years later. The neutralizing activity of the antibodies was assessed by the EC₅₀: the concentration of GM-CSF responsible for 50% of the maximal GM-CSF-induced pSTAT5 in the presence of plasma containing 10 MMAU of anti GM-CSF antibody. RTX rituximab, LTx lung transplantation, PAP pulmonary alveolar proteinosis