Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria used for study selection

Research involving the extraction, identification, or production of EVs or their contents, such as DNA, miRNA, or protein

Research involving nanoparticles but not extracellular vesicles from a cell source

Researching involving COPD, emphysema, bronchitis or any disease closely related to COPD in the respiratory tract

Research involving lung disease but not specifically COPD

Isolation method of EVs included

Research involving treatment but not pathogenesis or diagnosis of COPD

Non-original research paper, e.g. reviews, commentary, case report, etc.

Articles published in a language other than English