Table 1 Biomarker specifications
Biomarker | Description | Process measured |
|---|---|---|
\(\mathrm{\alpha }\)-SMA [17] | N-terminal of alpha-smooth muscle actin | Myofibroblast marker |
FBN-C [18] | C-terminal of fibronectin | Fibronectin formation |
C1M [19] | Neoepitope of MMP-2,9,13–mediated degradation of type I collagen | Type I collagen degradation |
C3A [20] | Neoepitope of ADAMTS-1,4,8–mediated degradation of type III collagen | Type III collagen degradation |
C3M [21] | Neoepitope of MMP-9–mediated degradation of type III collagen | Type III collagen degradation |
C4M2 [22] | Neoepitope of MMP-2,9,12–mediated degradation of type IV collagen | Type IV collagen degradation |
C6M [23] | Neoepitope of MMP-2–mediated degradation of type VI collagen | Type VI collagen degradation |
PRO-C1 [24] | Internal epitope in the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen | Type I collagen formation |
PRO-C3 [25] | Released N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen | Type III collagen formation |
PRO-C4 [26] | Internal epitope in the 7S domain of type IV collagen | Type IV collagen formation |
PRO-C6 [27] | Released C5 domain of type VI collagen (endotrophin) | Type VI collagen formation |
VICM [28] | Neoepitope of MMP-2,8–mediated degradation of citrullinated vimentin | Macrophage marker, inflammation |