Optimism is associated with respiratory symptoms and functional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Respiratory Research

Table 4 Multivariate association of optimism with lung function and functional outcomes (Model 2)

	Normal spirometry		GOLD 1		GOLD 2–4		PRISm
	Coef.	P-value	Coef.	P-value	Coef.	P-value	Coef.	P-value
FEV₁ (% predicted)	0.055	0.611	− 0.256	0.700	0.319	0.025	− 0.034	0.785
FVC (% predicted)	0.055	0.611	− 0.460	0.023	0.175	0.241	− 0.076	0.586
MMRC score	− 0.031	< 0.001	− 0.051	< 0.001	− 0.038	< 0.001	− 0.048	0.008
CAT score	− 0.278	< 0.001	− 0.390	< 0.001	− 0.430	< 0.001	− 0.429	< 0.001
SGRQ Total score	− 0.669	< 0.001	− 1.038	< 0.001	− 1.014	< 0.001	− 1.103	< 0.001
SGRQ Activity	− 0.951	< 0.001	− 1.205	< 0.001	− 0.966	< 0.001	− 1.433	< 0.001
SGRQ Impact	− 0.511	< 0.001	− 0.959	< 0.001	− 1.141	< 0.001	− 0.940	< 0.001
SGRQ Symptoms	− 0.639	< 0.001	− 0.954	< 0.001	− 0.595	< 0.001	− 0.995	0.003
6-min walk distance	9.585	< 0.001	8.639	0.092	7.958	0.004	17.509	< 0.001
BODE index	− 0.036	< 0.001	− 0.070	< 0.001	− 0.053	< 0.001	− 0.079	< 0.001

Adjusted by age, sex, race, marital status, BMI, current smoking status, presence of depression, hypertension, diabetes, and FEV₁ (% predicted)

ISSN: 1465-993X