Fig. 3

Hypoxia decreases lactate production in conjunction with TGF-β1. a Representative spectra from the 72 h time-point for normoxia, hypoxia, TGFβ1- and hypoxia with TGF-β. Lactate (1.3 PPM) and glucose (5.2 PPM) peaks were integrated in comparison to benzoic acid to determine the concentration (mmol/l), labelled in green, of both molecules in every sample by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. b Quantification of the fold change in lactate and glucose concentrations at 24 h. c Quantification of fold change in lactate and glucose concentrations at 48 h. d Quantification of fold change in lactate and glucose concentrations at 72 h. Values are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3 independent experiments using cells from 3 separate subjects); *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001