Fig. 7
From: Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Intestinal microbiota from patients with COPD induce airway remodeling and mucus hypersecretion in the lungs of recipient mice. a Quantitative analysis showed that the integrative optical density (IOD) value of α-SMA was significantly higher in the COPD III–IV FMT group than the other group. b The IOD value of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) increased both in the COPD I–II and COPD III–IV FMT groups. c and d Immunohistochemistry showed higher goblet cells and MUC5AC levels in airway epithelial cells in the COPD III–IV FMT mouse group than in the other three group. Scale bars: 100 μm. Significance was determined by ANOVA and p values were corrected using the Bonferroni method. Results are means ± SD, n = 5 mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01