Table 1 Characterization of the sample and the quadrants
Whole Sample | Quadrant 1 (“can’t do, don’t do”) | Quadrant 2 (“can do, don’t do”) | Quadrant 3 (“can’t do, do do”) | Quadrant 4 (“can do, do do”) | Comparison between subgroups | Significant compa-risons or direction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 298 | 69 | 61 | 37 | 131 | – | – |
Age [in years] | 58.13 ± 5.48 | 60.01 ± 7.00 | 58.87 ± 5.38 | 56.68 ± 5.55 | 57.21 ± 4.18 | F (3, 294) = 5.41, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.05 | Q1, Q2 > Q3, Q4 |
Gender Distribution | 30.5% female, 69.5% male | 43.5% female, 56.5% male | 23.0% female, 77.0% male | 37.8% female, 62.2% male | 25.2% female, 74.8% male | χ2 (3) = 9.80, p = 0.02 | Men were more strongly represented in Q2 and Q4 |
Body mass index (BMI) [kg/m2] | 27.44 ± 6.57 | 26.66 ± 7.17 | 29.43 ± 6.97 | 26.52 ± 6.82 | 27.19 ± 5.81 | F (3, 294) = 2.53, p = 0.057, η2 = 0.03 | none |
GOLD Stages [1/2/3/4] | 27/130/114/24 | 1/14/37/16 | 4/28/27/2 | 1/16/14/5 | 21/27/36/1 | χ2 (9) = 66.3, p < 0.001 | Higher stages in Q1, lower stages in Q4 |
GOLD Classification [A/B/C/D]a | 4/126/0/148 | 0/26/0/40 | 1/25/0/29 | 0/26/0/40 | 3/63/0/57 | χ2 (3) = 4.77, p = 0.19 | None |
Lung Function (FEV1 pred) | 53.48 ± 18.25 | 39.62 ± 13.25 | 53.37 ± 16.21 | 49.58 ± 17.59 | 61.87 ± 16.91 | F (3, 291) = 29.3, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.23 | Q1 < Q2, Q3 < Q4 |
COPD Assessment Test (CAT) | 23.29 ± 6.67 | 26.36 ± 6.41 | 23.85 ± 6.47 | 24.58 ± 6.04 | 21.05 ± 6.34 | F (3, 284) = 11.1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.11 | Q1, Q2, Q3 > Q4 |
Quality of Life (SGRQ) | 52.66 ± 10.40 | 46.35 ± 9.94 | 51.97 ± 9.84 | 52.85 ± 10.63 | 56.36 ± 9.17 | F (3, 277) = 15.1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.14 | Q1 < Q2, Q3 < Q4 |
Smoking Status | 46.2% current smokers, 53.8% no/ former smokers | 46.8% current smokers, 53.2% no/ former smokers | 57.6% current smokers, 42.4% no/ former smokers | 48.6% current smokers, 51.4% no/ former smokers | 39.7% current smokers, 60.3% no/ former smokers | χ2 (3) = 5.26, p = 0.15 | None |
Employment Status | 60.8% full-time, 15.8% half-time, 9.5% pension, 15.8% not employed | 49.2% full-time, 13.1% half-time, 23.0% pension, 13.1% not employed | 47.3% full-time, 10.9% half-time, 12.7% pension, 10.9% not employed | 51.5% full-time, 24.2% half-time, 3.0% pension, 24.2% not employed | 75.0% full-time, 16.9% half-time, 3.2% pension, 16.9% not employed | χ2 (9) = 46.8, p < 0.001 | Unemployment was overrepresented in Q2, full-time employment in Q1, and pension in Q1 |
Number of Comorbidities | 4.66 ± 2.50 | 4.17 ± 2.77 | 4.67 ± 2.33 | 4.81 ± 2.64 | 4.88 ± 2.38 | F (3, 294) = 1.25, p = 0.293 | None |
Average Number of Steps per Day | 5850 ± 3043 | 2991 ± 1104 | 3510 ± 945 | 6799 ± 1839 | 8323 ± 2370 | F (3, 294) = 171.7, p < 0.001, η2 = .64 | Q1 < Q3 < Q4, Q2 < Q3 < Q4 |
6-minute Walking Test [m] | 449.8 ± 102.3 | 326.8 ± 83.0 | 481.1 ± 59.9 | 392.5 ± 59.5 | 516.3 ± 61.5 | F (3, 294) = 135.6, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.58 | Q1 < Q3 < Q2 < Q4 |