Table 1 Characteristics of patients before and after propensity score matching

Age, years

62.90 ± 14.36

67.90 ± 14.39

0.348

66.32 ± 13.46

66.83 ± 14.57

0.037

Female sex

2067 (39.2)

1643 (43.3)

0.084

1203 (40.4)

1241 (41.6)

0.026

Body mass index, kg/m²

22.38 ± 4.62

22.28 ± 4.43

0.021

22.26 ± 4.7

22.35 ± 4.48

0.020

Comorbidities

 Solid malignancy

2473 (46.9)

1163 (30.6)

0.338

1117 (37.5)

1069 (35.9)

 Cardiovascular disease

1329 (25.2)

892 (23.5)

0.039

777 (26.1)

733 (24.6)

0.033

 Diabetes mellitus

1315 (24.9)

1125 (29.6)

0.106

821 (27.5)

830 (27.8)

0.034

 Hematologic malignancy

811 (15.4)

185 (4.9)

0.353

197 (6.6)

182 (6.1)

0.007

 Chronic lung disease

715 (13.5)

577 (15.2)

0.047

503 (16.9)

474 (15.9)

0.021

 Chronic HBP disease

602 (11.4)

370 (9.7)

0.054

311 (10.4)

302 (10.1)

0.026

 Chronic kidney disease

463 (8.8)

481 (12.7)

0.126

353 (11.8)

359 (12.0)

0.010

 Cerebrovascular disease

364 (6.9)

636 (16.8)

0.309

320 (10.7)

384 (12.9)

0.006

 Organ Transplantation

263 (5)

72 (1.9)

0.170

77 (2.6)

67 (2.2)

0.067

 Gastrointestinal disease

173 (3.3)

181 (4.8)

0.076

125 (4.2)

129 (4.3)

0.022

 Thyroid disease

135 (2.6)

123 (3.2)

0.041

87 (2.9)

84 (2.8)

0.007

MEWS

4.75 ± 2.16

4.03 ± 2.23

0.326

4.28 ± 2.06

4.21 ± 2.26

0.030

Department

0.322

0.034

 Medical

4130 (78.3)

2439 (64.3)

2127 (71.4)

2082 (69.8)

 Surgical

1117 (21.2)

1345 (35.4)

841 (28.2)

887 (29.8)

 Obstetrics

30 (0.6)

12 (0.3)

13 (0.4)

12 (0.4)

Location

0.014

0.014

 General ward

5181 (98.2)

3726 (98.2)

2925 (98.1)

2923 (98.1)

 Examination unit

69 (1.3)

48 (1.3)

40 (1.3)

40 (1.3)

 Dialysis unit

13 (0.2)

12 (0.3)

6 (0.2)

8 (0.3)

 Others

14 (0.3)

10 (0.3)

10 (0.3)

10 (0.3)

Reason for activation

0.499

0.098

 Respiratory distress

2452 (46.5)

1797 (47.3)

1518 (50.9)

1462 (49)

 Hypovolemic shock

483 (9.2)

164 (4.3)

156 (5.2)

149 (5)

 Arrhythmias

478 (9.1)

253 (6.7)

241 (8.1)

238 (8)

 Septic shock

402 (7.6)

203 (5.3)

181 (6.1)

182 (6.1)

 Altered mental status

381 (7.2)

144 (3.8)

140 (4.7)

128 (4.3)

 Sepsis

292 (5.5)

115 (3)

118 (4)

110 (3.7)

 High blood pressure

286 (5.4)

673 (17.7)

276 (9.3)

361 (12.1)

 Metabolic acidosis

271 (5.1)

230 (6.1)

183 (6.1)

185 (6.2)

 Cardiac arrest

131 (2.5)

153 (4)

117 (3.9)

117 (3.9)

 Cardiogenic shock

47 (0.9)

28 (0.7)

23 (0.8)

26 (0.9)

 Anaphylactic shock

40 (0.8)

10 (0.3)

14 (0.5)

10 (0.3)

 Obstructive shock (PTE)

14 (0.3)

26 (0.7)

14 (0.5)

13 (0.4)