The product of trunk muscle area and density on the CT image is a good indicator of energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD

Table 3 Bivariate analysis of the CT-derived cross-sectional indices of the pectoralis muscle and clinical parameters

Variable	PMA		PMD		PM product
Variable	r	P	r	p	r	p
Age, years	0.226	0.186	0.134	0.435	0.193	0.260
Height, m	0.228	0.181	0.405	0.014	0.329	0.050
Weight, kg	0.569	< 0.001	0.497	0.002	0.557	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m²	0.566	< 0.001	0.414	0.012	0.507	0.002
CAT, n	0.374	0.025	0.490	0.779	0.212	0.215
mMRC score, units	0.058	0.736	0.260	0.126	0.191	0.265
6MWD, m	0.246	0.148	0.268	0.114	0.306	0.069
FEV1, % predicted	0.076	0.659	0.289	0.088	0.225	0.186
FEV1/FVC, %	0.019	0.915	0.197	0.249	0.194	0.384
DLco/V_A, % predicted	0.395	0.017	0.465	0.004	0.512	0.001
LAA%, %	0.350	0.036	0.336	0.045	0.385	0.020
FFM, kg	0.660	< 0.0001	0.572	< 0.001	0.659	< 0.0001
SMM, kg	0.573	< 0.001	0.598	< 0.001	0.628	< 0.0001
HGS, kg	0.491	0.002	0.473	0.004	0.521	0.001
CC, cm	0.595	< 0.001	0.497	0.002	0.572	< 0.001
TEE, kcal/day	0.630	< 0.0001	0.646	< 0.0001	0.680	< 0.0001
BMR, kcal/day	0.506	0.002	0.467	0.004	0.504	0.002
PAL	0.483	0.003	0.551	< 0.001	0.555	< 0.001
PEmax, cmH₂O	0.313	0.063	0.416	0.012	0.373	0.025
PImax, cmH₂O	0.096	0.577	0.486	0.003	0.324	0.054

BMI body mass index, CAT COPD assessment test, mMRC modified Medical Research Council scale, 6MWD 6-min walking distance, FEV forced expiratory volume, DL_CO/V_A diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide/alveolar volume, LAA% percentage of the lung field occupied by low-attenuation areas, FFM fat-free mass, SMM skeletal-muscle mass, HGS hand-grip strength, CC calf circumference, TEE total energy expenditure, BMR basal metabolic rate, PAL physical activity level, PEmax maximal expiratory pressure, PImax maximal inspiratory pressure, PMA pectoralis muscle area, PMD pectoralis muscle density

ISSN: 1465-993X