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Table 1 Population characteristics for each type of mask

From: Mask side-effects in long-term CPAP-patients impact adherence and sleepiness: the InterfaceVent real-life study

 

Whole Population (N = 1484)

Nasal (N = 807)

Oronasal (N = 422)

Nasal Pillows (N = 255)

p-value

Demographics

     

 Age (years)

67 [60; 74]

67 [61; 74]

68 [60; 74]

66 [59; 72]

0.089

 Gender, female (%)

27.8

30.2a

21.3b

31.0a

0.002

 BMI (kg/m2)

31 [28; 35]

31 [27; 35]

31 [28; 35]

30 [27; 35]

0.31

 Diagnostic AHI (events/h)

39 [31; 56]

39 [31; 55]

39 [31; 58]

38 [31; 52]

0.86

 Active smokers (%)

11.9

10.6

14.1

11.9

0.20

 Beard (%)

17.0

17.3

17.4

15.1

0.22

 Mustache (%)

10.4

8.5

13.4

10.8

 No mustache, no beard (%)

72.6

74.2

69.3

74.1

 Active workers (%)

20.6

19.3

20.5

24.8

0.18

 Presence of partner (%)

72.2

71.2

73.1

73.9

0.64

Epworth Scale

     

 ESS (0–24 score)

5 [3; 9]

5 [3; 8]

6 [3; 9]

6 [3; 9]

0.16

 RES (%)

16.2

15.1

17.1

18.0

0.46

EQ-5D-3L

     

 Problems with mobility (%)

24.4

22.5a

29.5b

21.9a

0.017

 Problems with self-care (%)

6.0

5.5

7.0

6.1

0.59

 Problems with usual activities (%)

19.7

19.5

20.6

18.4

0.78

 Problems of pain/discomfort (%)

58.4

56.4

61.2

58.8

0.25

 Problems of anxiety/depression (%)

39.4

34.7a

46.1bc

43.0c

< 0.001

 EQ-5D-3L health VAS (0–100 score)

70 [50; 80]

70 [51; 80]a

68 [50; 80]b

70 [51; 81]ac

0.006

Device

     

 CPAP-usage (h/day)

6.8 [5.5; 7.8]

6.8 [5.6; 7.8]a

6.5 [5.3; 7.6]bc

6.6 [5.5; 7.6]c

0.022

 Non-adherence (%)

8.6

6.3a

11.6b

11.0b

0.003

 Current AHIflow (events/h)

1.9 [0.9; 4.0]

1.7 [0.9; 3.7]a

2.7 [1.3; 5]b

1.6 [0.8; 3.0]ac

< 0.001

 Treatment duration (yrs)

4.4 [2.0; 9.7]

4.4 [1.6; 10.1]

4.2 [2.2; 9.3]

5.1 [2.4; 9.7]

0.35

 Mean Pressure (cmH2O)

8.2 [6.7; 10.0]

8.0 [6.4; 9.8]a

9.1 [7.6; 10.8]b

7.6 [6.5; 9]ac

< 0.001

 90th/95th Pressure (cmH2O)

10.0 [8.1; 11.8]

9.9 [8.0; 11.4]a

11.0 [9.4; 12]b

9.6 [8; 11] ac

< 0.001

 Fixed pressure (%), n = 1483

12.9

13.0

12.8

12.9

0.99

 Comfort mode (%)

15.8

16.2

14.7

16.1

0.77

 Heated humidifier (%)

59.4

53.9a

68.3b

62.0bc

< 0.001

 Heated breathing tube (%)

4.0

3.2

5.1

4.7

0.26

Mask

     

Mask availability since 2013 (%)

41.2

29.8a

73.9b

39.8c

< 0.001

 Unintentional leaks (l/min)

2.5 [0; 7.5]

2.5 [0; 8.4]a

1.2 [0; 6]b

1.5 [0; 7]ab

< 0.001

 Unintentional large Leaks (%)

0.1 [0; 0.9]

0.1 [0; 0.6]

0.1 [0; 2.5]

0.1 [0; 0.7]

0.08

 Global leaks (l/min)

33 [27; 41]

31.5; 26; 37]a

37 (32; 49]b

32 [26; 41]ab

0.014

 Global large leaks (%)

0.9 [0.1; 5.1]

0.7 [0.1; 3.1]

2.7 [0.2; 6.7]

0.9 [0.2; 5]

0.11

 Chin strap (%)

0.47

0.50

0.47

0.39

0.98

  1. AHI: Apnea–Hypopnea Index; AHIflow: AHI reported by device; BMI: Body Mass Index; CPAP: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; N = number of patients responding; Non adherence: CPAP-usage under 4 h per day; RES: Residual Excessive Sleepiness (ESS score > 10); VAS: Visual Analogue Scale. Leaks were obtained using CPAP built-in software (See Additional file 2: Table S1 for details). Data are reported as medians and quartiles or numbers and percentages of total as appropriate
  2. Labels a, b, c: within a given line, mask-type subgroups with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to post-hoc pairwise comparisons after Holm corrections. As an example, for the gender variable, there is a significant difference (p = 0.002) between mask-types. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons indicate that nasal-mask type is significantly different with oronasal-mask type (labels a and b are different), nasal pillows-mask type is also significantly different with oronasal-mask type (labels a and b are different) but there is no significant different between nasal and nasal pillows-types (same label a)
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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