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Table 2 Prediction accuracy of the electronic nose in the test set of machine learning algorithms

From: Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia using electronic nose sensor array signals: solutions to improve the application of machine learning in respiratory research

Model and parameters Accuracy (95% CI) Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV Kappa AUC (95% CI)
k-nearest neighbors (k = 5) 0.77 (0.46–0.95) 0.71 0.83 0.83 0.71 0.54 0.80 (0.54–1.00)
Naive Bayes (fL = 0, usekernel = TRUE, adjust = 1) 0.77 (0.46–0.95) 0.71 0.83 0.83 0.71 0.54 0.80 (0.54–1.00)
Decision tree (trials = 10, model = rules, window = TRUE) 0.85 (0.55–0.98) 0.86 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.69 0.85 (0.63–1.00)
Neural network (size = 3, decay = 1e-04) 0.85 (0.55–0.98) 0.86 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.69 0.85 (0.63–1.00)
Support vector machines (linear kernel) (C = 1) 0.85 (0.55–0.98) 0.86 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.69 0.85 (0.63–1.00)
Support vector machines (radial kernel) (sigma = 1.432815, C = 1) 0.77 (0.46–0.95) 0.71 0.83 0.83 0.71 0.54 0.85 (0.63–1.00)
Support vector machines (polynomial kernel) (degree = 1, scale = 0.1, C = 0.5) 0.85 (0.55–0.98) 0.86 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.69 0.85 (0.63–1.00)
Random forest (mtry = 32) 0.77 (0.46–0.95) 0.71 0.83 0.83 0.71 0.54 0.90 (0.74–1.00)
Mean value (SD) 0.81 (0.04) 0.79 (0.08) 0.83 (0.00) 0.85 (0.02) 0.77 (0.06) 0.62 (0.08) 0.85 (0.04)
  1. PPV positive predictive value; NPV negative predictive value; AUC area under the receiver operating curve
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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