Inhaled high molecular weight hyaluronan ameliorates respiratory failure in acute COPD exacerbation: a pilot study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients included in this study

	Placebo	HMW-HA (Yabro®)	p-value
Demographics
N	21	20
Age	74.2 ± 10	77.4 ± 8.5	0.85
Male (%)	35	35	1.00
Medical History (% of patients with history)
Home O₂ therapy	57	55	1.00
COPD exacerbation requiring hospitalization in past year	43	30	0.52
Home NIV use	19	15	1.00
Coronary Artery Disease	57	60	0.85
Neurovascular Disease	9.5	25	0.19
Chronic Kidney Disease	19	25	0.64
Diabetes	29	40	0.44
Hypertension	62	85	0.09
Past Pneumonia	38	25	0.37
Peptic Ulcer Disease	0	15	0.06
IADL Score	4.9 ± 2.6	4.7 ± 2.0	0.83
Admission Vital Signs
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	89 ± 9	87 ± 12	0.70
Heart Rate (per minute)	75 ± 10	81 ± 11	0.10
Respiratory Rate (per minute)	27 ± 5	27 ± 4	0.73
Temperature (°C)	36.0 ± 0.4	35.9 ± 0.5	0.47
Body Mass Index	26.9 ± 8.6	24.7 ± 5.7	0.50
Admission Respiratory Parameters
FiO2 (%)	27 ± 8	29 ± 7	0.38
PaO2 (mmHg)	62 ± 12	60 ± 15	0.59
PaCO2 (mmHg)	66 ± 13	63 ± 9	0.40
pH	7.34 ± 0.04	7.34 ± 0.04	0.95
IPAP	16.1 ± 3.4	16.3 ± 3.8	0.70
PEEP	6.1 ± 1.1	5.5 ± 0.7	0.10
Admission Laboratory Values
Na (mEq/L)	138 ± 3	139 ± 3	0.96
K (mEq/L)	4.1 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.5	0.21
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.0 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.6	0.96
Hematocrit (%)	40.2 ± 6.4	39.8 ± 12.1	0.90
WBC (× 1,000 cells/µL)	10.2 ± 4.2	9.8 ± 3.9	0.74
APACHE II score	14.9 ± 2.7	14.7 ± 3.7	0.85
Positive sputum culture	4/21^#	3/20*	1.00

Groups do not differ with regards to demographics, medical history, or admission vital signs, respiratory parameters or laboratory values (entered as average ± SD). p-values calculated by Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon (depending on normality of the data), or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. IADL = Score for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living [58]. FiO₂ = fraction of inhaled oxygen. PaO₂ = Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood. PaCO₂ = Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. IPAP = inspiratory positive airway pressure. PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure. WBC = white blood cell count. APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [59]
^# One patient each with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli + P. aeruginosa
^* One patient each with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, H. influenzae, and E. coli + H. influenzae + P. aeruginosa

ISSN: 1465-993X