Table 3 Laboratory results of COVID-19 patients

Blood routine

 Leucocytes^a (× 10⁹/L)

3.5–9.5

4.62 (3.63–5.89)

4.61 (3.44–5.99)

4.62 (3.64–5.87)

0.844

  Increased

4/168 (2.4)

1 (1.4)

3/94 (3.2)

0.631

  Decreased

38/168 (22.6)

19 (25.7)

19/94 (20.2)

 Neutrophils^a (× 10⁹/L)

1.8–6.3

2.89 (2.30–3.67)

2.80 (2.26–3.56)

2.93 (2.30–3.77)

0.693

  Increased

9/168 (5.4)

4 (5.4)

5/94 (5.3)

  Decreased

17/168 (10.1)

6 (8.1)

11/94 (11.7)

 Lymphocytes^a (× 10⁹/L)

1.1–3.2

1.13 (0.81–1.55)

1.11 (0.81–1.53)

1.18 (0.81–1.60)

0.666

  Increased

2/168 (1.2)

0 (0)

2/94 (2.1)

  Decreased

80/168 (47.6)

36 (48.6)

44/94 (46.8)

 Hemoglobin^a (g/L)

120–160

130.5 (120.0–141.8)

132.0 (121.0–143.0)

129.0 (117.8–141.0)

0.150

  Decreased

41/168 (24.4)

15 (20.3)

26/94 (27.7)

 Platelets^a (× 10⁹/L)

125–350

175.5 (145.0–227.0)

172.5 (139.0–228.0)

181.5 (145.8–227.3)

0.699

  Increased

3/168 (1.8)

1 (1.4)

2/94 (2.1)

  Decreased

24/168 (14.3)

12 (16.2)

12/94 (12.8)

Coagulation function

 Prothrombin time^a (s)

9.4–12.5

11.8 (11.0–12.7)

12.1 (11.2–12.7)

11.7 (10.8–12.5)

0.099

  Increased

44/167 (26.3)

22 (29.7)

22/93 (23.7)

 Activated partial thromboplastin time^a (s)

25.1–36.5

33.1 (30.4–36.1)

32.9 (31.0–35.6)

33.3 (30.2–36.8)

0.943

  Increased

40/167 (24.0)

15 (20.3)

25/93 (26.9)

  Decreased

5/167 (3.0)

0 (0)

5/93 (5.4)

 D-dimer^a (mg/L)

0.0–0.5

0.31 (0.15–0.57)

0.36 (0.19–0.59)

0.26 (0.13–0.53)

0.072

  Increased

50/167 (29.9)

26 (35.1)

24/93 (25.8)

Blood gas analysis

 pH^a

7.35–7.45

7.47 (7.45–7.50)

7.47 (7.44–7.51)

7.48 (7.45–7.50)

0.785

  Increased

109/159 (68.6)

45/70 (64.3)

64/89 (71.9)

  Decreased

1/159 (0.6)

0/70 (0)

1/89 (1.1)

 PaO₂^a (mmHg)

75–105

87.4 (71.6–109.0)

90.7 (70.8–109.4)

86.0 (72.0–108.4)

0.429

  Decreased

45/159 (28.3)

19/70 (27.1)

26/89 (29.2)

 PaCO₂^a (mmHg)

35–46

37.0 (32.9–40.6)

36.6 (33.6–39.7)

37.5 (32.8–41.3)

0.718

  Increased

8/159 (5.0)

4/70 (5.7)

4/89 (4.5)

  Decreased

59/159 (37.1)

26/70 (37.1)

33/89 (37.1)

Blood biochemistry

 Albumin (g/L)

40.0–55.0

38.8 (35.6–42.7)

37.87 (35.43–42.36)

39.64 (36.30–43.30)

0.133

  Decreased

95 (56.2)

46 (62.2)

49 (51.6)

 Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

9–50

19.9 (13.9–29.3)

20.9 (13.6–30.5)

19.7 (14.0–28.3)

0.611

  Increased

18 (10.7)

10 (13.5)

8 (8.4)

 Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)

15–40

22.5 (17.3–28.6)

23.2 (16.0–29.1)

21.9 (17.5–28.2)

0.837

  Increased

20 (11.8)

10 (13.5)

10 (10.5)

 Creatine kinase (U/L)

< 171

68.5 (40.9–103.9)

72.0 (39.9–108.6)

65.0 (41.0–90.5)

0.712

  Increased

17 (10.1)

9 (12.2)

8 (8.4)

 Creatine kinase-MB (U/L)

< 25

9.8 (6.3–12.3)

10.3 (6.1–13.1)

9.7 (6.4–12.9)

0.947

  Increased

10 (5.9)

4 (5.4)

6 (6.3)

 Total bilirubin (μmol/L)

3.4–17.1

10.7 (7.8–15.3)

11.5 (7.8–17.8)

10.1 (7.6–14.3)

0.128

  Increased

38 (22.5)

20 (27.0)

18 (18.9)

 Serum potassium (mmol/L)

3.5–5.5

4.10 (3.69–4.44)

3.95 (3.63–4.40)

4.15 (3.85–4.48)

0.058

  Increased

2 (1.2)

1 (1.4)

1 (1.1)

  Decreased

18 (10.7)

10 (13.5)

8 (8.4)

 Serum sodium (mmol/L)

135–145

137.5 (135.6–139.8)

137.0 (134.8–139.8)

137.8 (136.1–139.9)

0.088

  Increased

1 (0.6)

1 (1.4)

0 (0)

  Decreased

30 (17.8)

19 (25.7)

11 (11.6)

 Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

2.8–7.5

4.26 (3.42–5.30)

4.38 (3.36–5.33)

4.13 (3.45–5.30)

0.560

  Increased

14 (8.3)

6 (8.1)

8 (8.4)

 Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

57.0–111.0

53.68 (41.48–68.00)

51.94 (40.30–66.23)

55.00 (44.98–72.90)

0.156

  Increased

5 (3.0)

1 (1.4)

4 (4.2)

 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)

120–250

169.0 (140.1–216.1)

176.6 (137.7–226.8)

160.1 (141.4–207.5)

0.264

  Increased

23 (13.6)

13 (17.6)

10 (10.5)

 Glucose^a (mmol/L)

3.9–6.1

5.63 (4.95–7.44)

6.10 (5.07–7.75)

5.41 (4.86–6.95)

0.049

  Increased

69/168 (41.1)

37 (50.0)

32/94 (34.0)

Infection-related biomarkers

  C-reactive protein (mg/L)

< 10

12.23 (3.25–26.06)

12.71 (4.25–28.52)

10.30 (2.30–25.37)

0.225

  Increased

91 (53.8)

43 (58.1)

48 (50.5)

 Procalcitonin^a (ng/mL)

< 0.5

—^b

—^b

—^b

—^b

  Increased

3/168 (1.8)

2/73 (2.7)

1/95 (1.1)