Table 2 Histomorphological measurement results in male OSA patients and healthy subjects
From: Upper airway lengthening caused by weight increase in obstructive sleep apnea patients
No BMI matching | BMI matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OSA patients (n = 18) | Healthy subjects (n = 20) | P value | OSA Patients (n = 14) | Healthy subjects (n = 13) | P value* | |
Length of the upper airway (LUA), mm | 82.79 ± 6.02 | 68.8 ± 6.83 | < 0.001 | 81.99 ± 5.88 | 70.19 ± 6.41 | 0.001 |
Upper airway volume, cm3 | 12.71 ± 5.25 | 10.67 ± 6.3 | 0.285 | 11.67 ± 3.91 | 11.71 ± 7.2 | 0.66 |
Narrowest cross-sectional area of the upper airway (SNUA), mm2 | 25.1 ± 19.41 | 65.32 ± 41.32 | 0.001 | 22 ± 15.86 | 64.25 ± 36.55 | 0.001 |
Average cross-sectional area of the upper airway (SAUA), mm2 | 147.01 ± 58.77 | 167.12 ± 74.89 | 0.361 | 135.73 ± 45.61 | 177.82 ± 83.27 | 0.099 |
Fat volume in parapharyngeal space (VPF), cm3 | 11.15 ± 4.2 | 6.25 ± 2.73 | < 0.001 | 10.25 ± 3.12 | 7.17 ± 2.87 | 0.045 |
Fat volume in mandibular space (VMF), cm3 | 3.65 ± 1.72 | 1.73 ± 0.75 | < 0.001 | 3.71 ± 1.51 | 1.58 ± 0.74 | 0.002 |
Thickness of posterior cervical fat (TNF), mm | 17 ± 5.43 | 13.22 ± 5.8 | 0.037 | 15.67 ± 4 | 15.18 ± 4.84 | 0.623 |
Fat area in parapharyngeal space in the neck plane with the narrowest upper airway (SNPF), mm2 | 279.37 ± 130.91 | 176.2 ± 116.17 | 0.015 | 262.07 ± 139.68 | 197.96 ± 116.38 | 0.072 |
Thickness of soft tissue behind neck (TST), mm | 63.97 ± 7.39 | 50.03 ± 6.84 | < 0.001 | 62.29 ± 5.26 | 52.65 ± 5.05 | < 0.001 |
Tongue volume (VTG), cm3 | 138.23 ± 13.79 | 119.21 ± 12.64 | < 0.001 | 136.41 ± 10.4 | 122.01 ± 13.15 | < 0.001 |
Length of the long axis of tongue (LLAX), mm | 82.65 ± 7.76 | 68.33 ± 5.81 | < 0.001 | 81.31 ± 6.87 | 69.94 ± 6.13 | 0.002 |
Length of the short axis of tongue (LSAX), mm | 48.13 ± 4.48 | 50.73 ± 6.17 | 0.151 | 48.25 ± 4.38 | 51.38 ± 5.18 | 0.588 |
Ratio of the long to short axis of tongue, | 1.73 ± 0.21 | 1.37 ± 0.26 | < 0.001 | 1.7 ± 0.23 | 1.38 ± 0.24 | 0.027 |
Distance from the top of the second cervical vertebra to hyoid bone plane (LHV), mm | 70.09 ± 6.4 | 69.37 ± 8.2 | 0.764 | 71.45 ± 6.37 | 67.96 ± 8.23 | 0.822 |
Distance from the top of the second cervical vertebra to hard palate plane (h), mm | 12.42 ± 7.71 | −0.76 ± 6.06 | < 0.001 | 10.31 ± 5.9 | 1.11 ± 5.22 | 0.001 |
α, ° | 140.04 ± 6.08 | 144.67 ± 6.08 | 0.027 | 139.73 ± 6.8 | 145.24 ± 6.24 | 0.029 |
β, ° | 149.05 ± 8.54 | 134.55 ± 6.27 | < 0.001 | 147.11 ± 7.11 | 135.85 ± 5.55 | < 0.001 |
θ, ° | 109.04 ± 10.67 | 99.22 ± 4.82 | 0.002 | 106.62 ± 9.99 | 101.09 ± 4.52 | 0.23 |
Neck circumference, (CN), cm | 40.76 ± 2.14 | 36.56 ± 1.91 | < 0.001 | 40.25 ± 1.44 | 36.87 ± 2.20 | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference, (CW), cm | 97.36 ± 9.19 | 86.08 ± 8.77 | 0.001 | 94.06 ± 5.49 | 89.92 ± 7.34 | 0.133 |