Fig. 2

Sub-chronic e-cig exposure-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in BALF. Bio-Plex Pro mouse cytokine 23-plex assay kit (Bio-Rad) was used to determined levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in BALF from mice exposed to e-cig with or without nicotine for 30 days (2 h/day). Significant changes were found in cytokines related to macrophages (IL-1α, MCP-1, TNF-α, GM-CSF, and MIP-1β) and T-lymphocytes (IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, RANTES, and IFN-γ). Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6–10/group; equal number of male and female mice). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, compared to air control; # P < 0.05, compared to PG + Nic exposed WT mice